Lee C
Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle, N.S.W., Australia.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1989 Jun;20(2):115-23. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(89)90044-x.
Bandura's self-efficacy concept has received widespread acceptance from psychologists dealing with a varied range of behaviors. This paper argues that, like many related models, its ability to explain human behavior is largely illusory. It has its basis in the argument that behavior arises from complex interactions between unobservable variables which are vaguely defined and cannot be assessed. For example, the process by which efficacy expectations arise from various sources of information, and the interaction of self-efficacy with levels of skill and motivation, are argued to be important, but there is no model to explain how these processes occur. Since unambiguous predictions cannot be made, it is impossible to test the model in a scientific sense. This weakness seriously compromises the practical usefulness of the theory.
班杜拉的自我效能概念已得到研究各种行为的心理学家的广泛认可。本文认为，与许多相关模型一样，它解释人类行为的能力在很大程度上是虚幻的。其依据是，行为源于难以明确界定且无法评估的不可观察变量之间的复杂相互作用。例如，效能期望从各种信息源产生的过程，以及自我效能与技能水平和动机的相互作用，被认为很重要，但却没有模型来解释这些过程是如何发生的。由于无法做出明确的预测，因此从科学意义上讲不可能对该模型进行检验。这一弱点严重损害了该理论的实际效用。
