青春期发育和调节。
Pubertal development and regulation.
机构信息
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016 Mar;4(3):254-264. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00418-0. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
Puberty marks the end of childhood and is a period when individuals undergo physiological and psychological changes to achieve sexual maturation and fertility. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis controls puberty and reproduction and is tightly regulated by a complex network of excitatory and inhibitory factors. This axis is active in the embryonic and early postnatal stages of life and is subsequently restrained during childhood, and its reactivation culminates in puberty initiation. The mechanisms underlying this reactivation are not completely known. The age of puberty onset varies between individuals and the timing of puberty initiation is associated with several health outcomes in adult life. In this Series paper, we discuss pubertal markers, epidemiological trends of puberty initiation over time, and the mechanisms whereby genetic, metabolic, and other factors control secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to determine initiation of puberty.
青春期标志着儿童期的结束，是个体经历生理和心理变化以实现性成熟和生育能力的时期。下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴控制着青春期和生殖，它受到一个复杂的兴奋和抑制因子网络的紧密调节。该轴在胚胎和出生后的早期阶段活跃，随后在儿童期受到抑制，其重新激活导致青春期开始。这种重新激活的机制尚不完全清楚。青春期开始的年龄在个体之间有所差异，青春期开始的时间与成年后的几种健康结果有关。在本系列论文中，我们讨论了青春期的标志、随着时间的推移青春期开始的流行病学趋势，以及遗传、代谢和其他因素控制促性腺激素释放激素分泌以确定青春期开始的机制。
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