Vázquez Alexandra, Yzerbyt Vincent, Dovidio John F, Gómez Ángel
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education, Unité de Psychologie Sociale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Int J Psychol. 2017 Dec;52 Suppl 1:26-34. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12260. Epub 2016 Feb 7.
Previous research indicates that meta-stereotypes are predominantly negative. However, the valence of the meta-stereotypes may not be the only factor accounting for the detrimental effects associated with their activation. In addition to valence, we propose that the subjective difficulty of retrieving the meta-stereotype might critically determine whether its activation deteriorates intergroup orientations. An experimental study showed that the effect of the meta-stereotype activation on the desire to interact with outgroup members was moderated by the interaction between the valence of the meta-stereotype and its difficulty of retrieval. In particular, the activation of a positive meta-stereotype deteriorated intergroup orientations when the difficulty of retrieval was high as compared with a condition in which the difficulty of retrieval was low. In sharp contrast, the activation of a negative meta-stereotype worsened intergroup orientations when the difficulty of retrieval was low as compared with a condition in which the difficulty of retrieval was high.
先前的研究表明，元刻板印象主要是负面的。然而，元刻板印象的效价可能不是解释与其激活相关的有害影响的唯一因素。除了效价之外，我们提出，提取元刻板印象的主观难度可能是决定其激活是否会恶化群体间关系的关键因素。一项实验研究表明，元刻板印象激活对外群体成员互动意愿的影响受到元刻板印象效价与其提取难度之间相互作用的调节。具体而言，与提取难度较低的情况相比，当提取难度较高时，积极元刻板印象的激活会恶化群体间关系。与之形成鲜明对比的是，与提取难度较高的情况相比，当提取难度较低时，消极元刻板印象的激活会使群体间关系恶化。
