Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2016 Feb;125(2):310-321. doi: 10.1037/abn0000139.
The outcomes of the decisions we make can be used to inform subsequent choices and behavior. We investigated whether and how people with and without schizophrenia use positive and negative social outcomes and emotional displays to inform decisions to place trust in social partners. We also investigated the impact of reversals in social partners' behavior on decisions to trust. Thirty-two people with schizophrenia and 29 control participants completed a task in which they decided how much trust to place in social partners' showing either a dynamic emotional (smiling, scowling) or neutral display. Interactions were predetermined to result in positive (trust reciprocated) or negative (trust abused) outcomes, and we modeled changes in trust decisions over the course of repeated interactions. Compared to controls, people with schizophrenia were less sensitive to positive social outcomes in that they placed less trust in trustworthy social partners during initial interactions. By contrast, people with schizophrenia were more sensitive to negative social outcomes during initial interactions with untrustworthy social partners, placing less trust in these partners compared to controls. People with schizophrenia did not differ from controls in detecting social partner behavior reversals from trustworthy to untrustworthy; however, they had difficulties detecting reversals from untrustworthy to trustworthy. Importantly, decisions to trust were associated with real-world social functioning. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding social engagement among people with schizophrenia and the development of psychosocial interventions for social functioning.
我们所做决策的结果可以用来为后续的选择和行为提供信息。我们研究了精神分裂症患者和非精神分裂症患者是否以及如何利用积极和消极的社会结果和情绪表现来决定是否信任社交伙伴。我们还研究了社交伙伴行为的反转对信任决策的影响。32 名精神分裂症患者和 29 名对照组参与者完成了一项任务，在任务中他们决定对社交伙伴展示的动态情绪（微笑、皱眉）或中性表情表现出多大程度的信任。互动预先设定为产生积极（信任得到回报）或消极（信任被滥用）的结果，我们对反复互动过程中信任决策的变化进行了建模。与对照组相比，精神分裂症患者对积极的社会结果不那么敏感，即在最初的互动中，他们对可信赖的社交伙伴的信任程度较低。相比之下，精神分裂症患者在与不可信的社交伙伴最初的互动中对消极的社会结果更为敏感，与对照组相比，他们对这些伙伴的信任程度较低。精神分裂症患者在检测社交伙伴从可信赖到不可信赖的行为反转方面与对照组没有差异；然而，他们难以检测到从不可信赖到可信赖的反转。重要的是，信任决策与现实世界的社交功能有关。我们讨论了这些发现对理解精神分裂症患者社交参与以及社交功能的心理社会干预发展的意义。
