Saha Dipongkor, Ahmed Seemin S, Rabkin Samuel D
Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Drugs Future. 2015;40(11):739-749. doi: 10.1358/dof.2015.040.11.2383070.
Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor with no effective treatments. Current conventional therapies (surgical resection, radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and bevacizumab administration) typically fail to eradicate the tumors resulting in the recurrence of treatment-resistant tumors. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are excellent candidates as a more effective therapeutic strategy for aggressive cancers like malignant gliomas since OVs have a natural preference or have been genetically engineered to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells. OVs have been used in numerous preclinical studies in malignant glioma, and a large number of clinical trials using OVs have been completed or are underway that have demonstrated safety, as well as provided indications of effective antiglioma activity. In this review, we will focus on those OVs that have been used in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant gliomas (herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, parvovirus, reovirus, poliovirus, Newcastle disease virus, measles virus, and retrovirus) and OVs examined preclinically (vesicular stomatitis virus and myxoma virus), and describe how these agents are being used.
恶性胶质瘤是最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤类型，目前尚无有效的治疗方法。当前的传统疗法（手术切除、放射治疗、替莫唑胺（TMZ）和贝伐单抗给药）通常无法根除肿瘤，导致产生耐药性肿瘤复发。因此，需要新的方法来改善治疗效果。溶瘤病毒（OVs）是治疗恶性胶质瘤等侵袭性癌症更有效治疗策略的优秀候选者，因为溶瘤病毒具有天然嗜性或经过基因工程改造，能够在癌细胞中选择性复制并杀死癌细胞。溶瘤病毒已用于恶性胶质瘤的众多临床前研究，并且大量使用溶瘤病毒的临床试验已经完成或正在进行，这些试验已证明其安全性，并显示出抗胶质瘤活性的迹象。在本综述中，我们将重点关注那些已用于治疗恶性胶质瘤临床试验的溶瘤病毒（单纯疱疹病毒、腺病毒、细小病毒、呼肠孤病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、新城疫病毒、麻疹病毒和逆转录病毒）以及临床前研究的溶瘤病毒（水疱性口炎病毒和黏液瘤病毒），并描述这些药物的使用方式。
