Yang Jian, Kelly J Robert, Bailey Orville, Fischman Gary
Former Visiting Researcher, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Conn; and Researcher, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Professor, Department of Bioengineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn.
J Prosthet Dent. 2016 Jul;116(1):98-101. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.08.032. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
Titanium is widely used in implant dentistry because of its high strength, toughness, biocompatibility, and low cost. The fabrication of complex substructures is now possible with a number of automated systems. One major obstacle to broad clinical acceptance of porcelain-titanium prostheses is the poor ceramic-metal bonding.
The purpose of this study was to compare titanium bonding with a traditional bonder and a newly introduced titanium bonding system. Bonding was characterized by the delamination crack initiation stress per ISO 9693:2009.
Grade 4 titanium strips were laser machined to meet ISO 9693:2009 standards. Bonding and firing of opaque porcelain was accomplished by using a traditional titanium ceramic system and a newly introduced bonding system. Variables tested besides the bonding system included the length of the porcelain block (7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm); the thickness of the block (1.0 mm, 1.6 mm); testing the specimens 1 mm off-center; and reusing the strips. Crack initiation stresses were calculated and compared by ANOVA and the Duncan test (α=.05).
The newly introduced commercially available system gave the strongest bond (41.82 ±5.7 MPa), followed by the 9 mm specimens (32.2 ±3.9 MPa), then a statistically similar group of the 8 mm, 7 mm, and 1.6 mm thick specimens with new Ti (approximately 23 MPa), and last a similar group with 7 mm, 8 mm, and 1 mm offset loading on reused Ti (approximately 16 MPa). The lower limit under ISO 9693:2009 was 23 MPa.
The newly introduced commercially available system achieved much higher bond strengths than traditional titanium systems, even better than those for many high-gold alloys.
钛因其高强度、韧性、生物相容性和低成本而被广泛应用于口腔种植领域。现在，通过一些自动化系统可以制造复杂的子结构。陶瓷 - 钛修复体在临床上广泛应用的一个主要障碍是陶瓷与金属的结合不佳。
本研究的目的是比较钛与传统粘结剂和新引入的钛粘结系统的粘结情况。根据ISO 9693:2009标准，通过分层裂纹起始应力来表征粘结情况。
对4级钛带进行激光加工，以符合ISO 9693:2009标准。使用传统的钛陶瓷系统和新引入的粘结系统完成不透明瓷的粘结和烧制。除粘结系统外，测试的变量包括瓷块长度（7mm、8mm、9mm）；瓷块厚度（1.0mm、1.6mm）；在偏离中心1mm处测试试样；以及重复使用钛带。通过方差分析和邓肯检验（α = 0.05）计算并比较裂纹起始应力。
新引入的市售系统粘结力最强（41.82±5.7MPa），其次是9mm试样（32.2±3.9MPa），然后是统计学上相似的一组8mm、7mm和1.6mm厚的新钛试样（约23MPa），最后是一组7mm、8mm且在重复使用的钛带上有1mm偏移加载的相似试样（约16MPa）。ISO 9693:2009规定的下限为23MPa。
新引入的市售系统实现的粘结强度远高于传统钛系统，甚至优于许多高金合金系统。
