Alicea-Planas Jessica, Greiner Lydia, Greiner Philip A
Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA.
San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
Appl Nurs Res. 2016 Feb;29:43-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.010. Epub 2015 May 23.
Globally about 40% of adults are diagnosed with hypertension, with high-income countries having a lower prevalence than low-income countries. However, there are limited data about adult hypertension prevalence in Nicaragua. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in rural coffee farm workers.
A convenience sample of 229 adult coffee farm workers was used. Blood pressure was measured using an established protocol and the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7) guidelines.
Nearly 60% of the sample reported at least one prior blood pressure measurement. Hypertension was detected in 16.7% of males and 26.3% of females (20.7% of the total). Prehypertension was detected in 59.3% of males and 27.7% of females (46.2% of the total). Of the men, 51.4% reported smoking at least some days and just over one third of the sample reported adding extra salt to their food.
While the prevalence of hypertension in this sample is lower than global estimates, almost half of the sample had prehypertension, demonstrating an area where health promotion efforts could be focused. Given the limited funding and resources often available in these areas, increasing disease prevention efforts (including health promotion and wellness programs) and establishing settings that provide outreach and education, may improve chronic disease management and prevent comorbidities from occurring.
全球约40%的成年人被诊断患有高血压，高收入国家的患病率低于低收入国家。然而，关于尼加拉瓜成年人高血压患病率的数据有限。本研究的目的是确定农村咖啡农场工人的高血压患病率。
采用便利抽样法选取了229名成年咖啡农场工人。使用既定方案和美国国家高血压预防、检测、评估与治疗联合委员会（JNC - 7）指南测量血压。
近60%的样本报告至少有过一次血压测量。男性中高血压检出率为16.7%，女性中为26.3%（总体为20.7%）。男性中高血压前期检出率为59.3%，女性中为27.7%（总体为46.2%）。在男性中，51.4%报告至少有时吸烟，略超过三分之一的样本报告在食物中额外加盐。
虽然该样本中高血压患病率低于全球估计值，但几乎一半的样本患有高血压前期，这表明是一个可以集中开展健康促进工作的领域。鉴于这些地区通常资金和资源有限，加强疾病预防工作（包括健康促进和健康计划）并建立提供外展服务和教育的场所，可能会改善慢性病管理并预防合并症的发生。
