Valladares Marion Jose, Rodríguez Sándigo Noel A, Rizo Rivera Ginner O, Rodríguez Jarquín Marco A, Rivera Castillo Rosse M, López Bonilla Indiana M
Faculty of Medical Sciences UNAN-Leon León Nicaragua.
ELAM Cuba Victoria Motta Hospital Jinotega Nicaragua.
Health Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 11;2(7):e120. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.120. eCollection 2019 Jul.
Hypertension is considered the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with high levels of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. The negative effects of hypertension and its complications are preventable if those at risk are appropriately treated and controlled. Continually monitoring the epidemiological trends of hypertension is essential to formulate and evaluate public health measures to limit its negative effects. The herein presented Elieth-HIFARI study sought to estimate the prevalence of hypertension, as well as the prevalence of related awareness, treatment, and control in a small town in Central America.
A population survey to assess cardiovascular risk was conducted (n = 577, 55.3% women, mean age 42.4 years) in the municipality of San Rafael del Norte in northern Nicaragua, between November 2016 and March 2017, based on the STEPwise method by the World Health Organization and the recommendations by the World Hypertension League.
The overall prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control was 28.1%, 72.2%, 68.5%, and 36.4%, respectively. Men had a lower prevalence of all indicators (22.5%, 60.3%, 53.4%, and 24.1%, respectively) compared with women (32.6%, 78.8%, 76.9%, and 43.3%, respectively). The median systolic blood pressure was 118.5 mm Hg (20.5 interquartile range [IQR]) (men: 123.0 mm Hg vs women: 115.5 mm Hg, Mann-Whitney U test < .001), and the mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.0 mm Hg (13 IQR) (men: 77.0, women: 78.0).
Hypertension is highly prevalent in San Rafael del Norte, while control rates are low despite the relatively higher levels of awareness and treatment. Furthermore, women have much higher prevalence of hypertension than men, along with higher awareness, treatment, and control. However, the control rate for those treated for hypertension was low, irrespective of sex.
高血压被认为是心血管疾病最重要的危险因素，与高发病率、死亡率及医疗保健支出相关。如果对高危人群进行适当治疗和控制，高血压及其并发症的负面影响是可预防的。持续监测高血压的流行病学趋势对于制定和评估限制其负面影响的公共卫生措施至关重要。本文介绍的埃利埃斯 - 希法里研究旨在估计中美洲一个小镇的高血压患病率以及相关知晓率、治疗率和控制率。
2016年11月至2017年3月期间，在尼加拉瓜北部圣拉斐尔德尔诺特市，基于世界卫生组织的逐步（STEPwise）方法和世界高血压联盟的建议，开展了一项评估心血管风险的人群调查（n = 577，女性占55.3%，平均年龄42.4岁）。
高血压、知晓率、治疗率和控制率的总体患病率分别为28.1%、72.2%、68.5%和36.4%。与女性（分别为32.6%、78.8%、76.9%和43.3%）相比，男性所有指标的患病率均较低（分别为22.5%、60.3%、53.4%和24.1%）。收缩压中位数为118.5毫米汞柱（四分位间距[IQR]为20.5）（男性：123.0毫米汞柱，女性：115.5毫米汞柱，曼 - 惠特尼U检验 <.001），舒张压均值为78.0毫米汞柱（IQR为13）（男性：77.0，女性：78.0）。
圣拉斐尔德尔诺特市高血压患病率很高，尽管知晓率和治疗率相对较高，但控制率较低。此外，女性高血压患病率远高于男性，同时知晓率、治疗率和控制率也更高。然而，无论性别如何，接受高血压治疗者的控制率都很低。
