Aldrete J A, Nicholson J, Sada T, Davidson W, Garrastasu G
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1977 Aug;44(2):167-72. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(77)90263-8.
The intravenous injection of 3 mg./kg. of lidocaine into the facial artery resulted in internal carotid artery blood levels between 5 and 7 microgram/ml. 15 seconds thereafter. Internal and external jugular vein blood levels exceeded 30 microgram/ml. at the same time. When the same amount of lidocaine was injected into the facial vein, carotid blood levels were less than 3 microgram/ml., peaking at 30 seconds. Concentrations of the local anesthetics in the jugular vein peaked at 15 seconds, exceeding 35 microgram/ml. The feasibility of local anesthetic drugs reaching the cerebral circulation through a retrograde pathway was indicated, suggesting that this mechanism may be the route for some of the untoward reactions observed after the injection of local anesthetics in the head and neck area.
将3毫克/千克利多卡因经静脉注入面动脉后，15秒后颈内动脉血药浓度在5至7微克/毫升之间。与此同时，颈内静脉和颈外静脉血药浓度超过30微克/毫升。当将等量利多卡因注入面静脉时，颈动脉血药浓度低于3微克/毫升，在30秒时达到峰值。颈静脉中局部麻醉药浓度在15秒时达到峰值，超过35微克/毫升。这表明局部麻醉药通过逆行途径进入脑循环是可行的，提示该机制可能是头颈部注射局部麻醉药后观察到的一些不良反应的途径。
