Andrieux Mathieu, Proteau Luc
Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2016 Jan 29;7:51. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00051. eCollection 2016.
Observation aids motor skill learning. When multiple models or different levels of performance are observed, does learning improve when the observer is informed of the performance quality prior to each observation trial or after each trial? We used a knock-down barrier task and asked participants to learn a new relative timing pattern that differed from that naturally emerging from the task constraints (Blandin et al., 1999). Following a physical execution pre-test, the participants observed two models demonstrating different levels of performance and were either informed of this performance prior to or after each observation trial. The results of the physical execution retention tests of the two experiments reported in the present study indicated that informing the observers of the demonstration quality they were about to see aided learning more than when this information was provided after each observation trial. Our results suggest that providing advanced information concerning the quality of the observation may help participants detect errors in the model's performance, which is something that novice participants have difficulty doing, and then learn from these observations.
观察有助于运动技能学习。当观察多个示范或不同水平的表现时，在每次观察试验之前或之后告知观察者表现质量，学习效果会提高吗？我们采用了一个击倒障碍物任务，并要求参与者学习一种新的相对时间模式，该模式不同于任务限制自然产生的模式（布兰丁等人，1999年）。在进行身体执行前测之后，参与者观察了两个表现出不同水平的示范，并且在每次观察试验之前或之后被告知这种表现情况。本研究报告的两个实验的身体执行保持测试结果表明，在每次观察试验之前告知观察者他们即将看到的示范质量比在每次试验之后提供此信息更有助于学习。我们的结果表明，提供有关观察质量的预先信息可能有助于参与者发现示范表现中的错误，而新手参与者在这方面存在困难，然后从这些观察中学习。
