Hvoslef-Eide Anne K, Munster Cristel M, Mathiesen Cecilie A, Ayeh Kwadwo O, Melby Tone I, Rasolomanana Paoly, Lee YeonKyeong
Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences Aas, Norway.
Front Plant Sci. 2016 Jan 26;6:1204. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01204. eCollection 2015.
Abscission is a highly regulated and coordinated developmental process in plants. It is important to understand the processes leading up to the event, in order to better control abscission in crop plants. This has the potential to reduce yield losses in the field and increase the ornamental value of flowers and potted plants. A reliable method of abscission induction in poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) flowers has been established to study the process in a comprehensive manner. By correctly decapitating buds of the third order, abscission can be induced in 1 week. AFLP differential display (DD) was used to search for genes regulating abscission. Through validation using qRT-PCR, more information of the genes involved during induced secondary abscission have been obtained. A study using two pea (Pisum sativum) mutants in the def (Developmental funiculus) gene, which was compared with wild type peas (tall and dwarf in both cases) was performed. The def mutant results in a deformed, abscission-less zone instead of normal primary abscission at the funiculus. RNA in situ hybridization studies using gene sequences from the poinsettia differential display, resulted in six genes differentially expressed for abscission specific genes in both poinsettia and pea. Two of these genes are associated with gene up- or down-regulation during the first 2 days after decapitation in poinsettia. Present and previous results in poinsettia (biochemically and gene expressions), enables a more detailed division of the secondary abscission phases in poinsettia than what has previously been described from primary abscission in Arabidopsis. This study compares the inducible secondary abscission in poinsettia and the non-abscising mutants/wild types in pea demonstrating primary abscission zones. The results may have wide implications on the understanding of abscission, since pea and poinsettia have been separated for 94-98 million years in evolution, hence any genes or processes in common are bound to be widespread in the plant kingdom.
脱落是植物中一个受到高度调控和协调的发育过程。了解导致这一过程的前期过程很重要，以便更好地控制作物的脱落。这有可能减少田间产量损失，并提高花卉和盆栽植物的观赏价值。已建立了一种可靠的一品红（大戟属一品红）花朵脱落诱导方法，以便全面研究这一过程。通过正确摘除三级芽，可在1周内诱导脱落。利用扩增片段长度多态性差异显示（DD）来寻找调控脱落的基因。通过定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）验证，已获得了诱导次生脱落过程中相关基因的更多信息。对def（发育珠柄）基因的两个豌豆（豌豆属）突变体进行了研究，并与野生型豌豆（在两种情况下均有高茎和矮茎）进行了比较。def突变体导致珠柄处形成变形的、无脱落区，而不是正常的初级脱落。使用来自一品红差异显示的基因序列进行RNA原位杂交研究，结果表明在一品红和豌豆中，有六个基因在脱落特异性基因方面存在差异表达。其中两个基因与一品红摘心后前两天内基因的上调或下调有关。一品红目前和以前的结果（生化和基因表达方面），使得对一品红次生脱落阶段的划分比以前对拟南芥初级脱落的描述更加详细。本研究比较了一品红中可诱导的次生脱落以及豌豆中显示初级脱落区的非脱落突变体/野生型。这些结果可能对理解脱落具有广泛的意义，因为豌豆和一品红在进化过程中已分离了9400万至9800万年，因此任何共同的基因或过程必然在植物界广泛存在。
