Jamieson Jeremy P, Mendes Wendy Berry
Department of Psychology, University of Rochester.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2016 Apr;145(4):467-85. doi: 10.1037/xge0000147. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
This research examined the influence of social stress on risk processes in youths. Study 1 (N = 89) randomly assigned male youths to perform either a stressful social-evaluative or nonstressful control task followed by a risk-perception measure. Compared to controls, social stress participants perceived less risk in their environment. Study 2 (N = 188) extended findings by testing effects of social stress on risk perception in males and females, and across 3 age groups: teenagers (15-19), young adults (25-40), and older adults (60-75). Replicating Study 1, teenagers experiencing social stress perceived less risk than age-matched controls. However, adults assigned to experience social stress reported greater risk perception compared to their age-matched controls. Effects of social stress also extended to risk-taking behavior. Stressed teenagers engaged in more risk-taking behavior relative to controls, and showed increased reward and lowered cost sensitivity during decision-making. These findings offer basic and translational value regarding factors that influence how youths evaluate risk.
本研究考察了社会压力对青少年风险过程的影响。研究1（N = 89）将男性青少年随机分配，使其要么执行一项有压力的社会评价任务，要么执行无压力的对照任务，随后进行风险感知测量。与对照组相比，经历社会压力的参与者感知到其所处环境中的风险更低。研究2（N = 188）通过测试社会压力对男性和女性以及三个年龄组（青少年（15 - 19岁）、青年成年人（25 - 40岁）和老年人（60 - 75岁））风险感知的影响，扩展了研究结果。重复研究1的结果，经历社会压力的青少年比年龄匹配的对照组感知到的风险更低。然而，被安排经历社会压力的成年人比其年龄匹配的对照组报告了更高的风险感知。社会压力的影响还扩展到了冒险行为。与对照组相比，有压力的青少年参与了更多的冒险行为，并且在决策过程中表现出更高的奖励敏感性和更低的成本敏感性。这些发现为影响青少年如何评估风险的因素提供了基础价值和转化价值。
