State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China.
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , Stockholm SE 10691, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Mar 1;50(5):2396-404. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05849. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
The incomplete mass-balance of organic fluorine in human serum indicates the existence of unknown per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with persistent and bioaccumulative properties. Here we characterized human exposure and elimination kinetics of chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) in metal plating workers (n = 19), high fish consumers (n = 45), and background controls (n = 8). Cl-PFESAs were detected in >98% of the sampled individuals with serum concentrations ranging <0.019-5040 ng/mL. Statistically higher median serum levels were observed in high fish consumers (93.7 ng/mL) and metal plating workers (51.5 ng/mL) compared to the background control group (4.78 ng/mL) (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, p < 0.01). Cl-PFESAs could account for 0.269 to 93.3% of ∑PFASs in human serum indicating that this compound class may explain a substantial fraction of previously unidentified organic fluorine in the Chinese population. Estimated half-lives for renal clearance (median 280 years; range 7.1-4230 years) and total elimination (median 15.3 years; range 10.1-56.4 years) for the eight carbon Cl-PFESA suggest that this is the most biopersistent PFAS in humans reported to date. The apparent ubiquitous distribution and slow elimination kinetics in humans underscore the need for more research and regulatory actions on Cl-PFESAs and PFAS alternatives with similar chemical structures.
血清中有机氟的不完全物质平衡表明，存在具有持久性和生物累积性的未知全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS)。在这里，我们描述了电镀工人（n = 19）、高鱼消费人群（n = 45）和背景对照者（n = 8）中氯代全氟烷氧基磺酸 (Cl-PFESAs) 的人体暴露和消除动力学。Cl-PFESAs 在 >98%的采样个体中被检测到，血清浓度范围为 <0.019-5040 ng/mL。与背景对照组相比，高鱼消费人群（93.7 ng/mL）和电镀工人（51.5 ng/mL）的血清中位水平明显更高（Kruskal-Wallis 秩和检验，p < 0.01）。Cl-PFESAs 可占血清中∑PFASs 的 0.269-93.3%，这表明该化合物类别可能解释了中国人群中以前未识别的有机氟的很大一部分。估计的肾脏清除半衰期（中位数 280 年；范围 7.1-4230 年）和总消除半衰期（中位数 15.3 年；范围 10.1-56.4 年）表明，这是迄今为止报告的在人体中最持久的 PFAS。Cl-PFESAs 在人体内的普遍分布和缓慢消除动力学表明，需要对其进行更多的研究和监管行动，以及对具有类似化学结构的 PFAS 替代品进行研究和监管行动。
