Baseler L, de Wit E, Feldmann H
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
Vet Pathol. 2016 May;53(3):521-31. doi: 10.1177/0300985815620845. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was initially isolated from a Saudi Arabian man with fatal pneumonia. Since the original case in 2012, MERS-CoV infections have been reported in >1500 humans, and the case fatality rate is currently 35%. This lineage C betacoronavirus has been reported to cause a wide range of disease severity in humans, ranging from asymptomatic to progressive fatal pneumonia that may be accompanied by renal or multiorgan failure. Although the clinical presentation of human MERS-CoV infection has been documented, many facets of this emerging disease are still unknown and could be studied with animal models. Several animal models of MERS-CoV have been developed, including New Zealand white rabbits, transduced or transgenic mice that express human dipeptidyl peptidase 4, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on human MERS-CoV infections, the probable origin of MERS-CoV, and the available animal models of MERS-CoV infection. Evaluation of the benefits and limitations of these models will aid in appropriate model selection for studying viral pathogenesis and transmission, as well as for testing vaccines and antivirals against MERS-CoV.
中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）最初是从一名患有致命肺炎的沙特男子身上分离出来的。自2012年首例病例以来，已有超过1500人报告感染了MERS-CoV，目前病死率为35%。据报道，这种C型β冠状病毒可导致人类出现广泛的疾病严重程度，从无症状到进行性致命肺炎，可能伴有肾衰竭或多器官衰竭。尽管人类感染MERS-CoV的临床表现已有记录，但这种新出现疾病的许多方面仍不为人知，可通过动物模型进行研究。已经开发了几种MERS-CoV动物模型，包括新西兰白兔、表达人类二肽基肽酶4的转导或转基因小鼠、恒河猴和普通狨猴。本综述概述了人类感染MERS-CoV的现有知识状态、MERS-CoV的可能起源以及现有的MERS-CoV感染动物模型。评估这些模型的优缺点将有助于为研究病毒发病机制和传播以及测试针对MERS-CoV的疫苗和抗病毒药物选择合适的模型。
