Department of Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden.
Trends Immunol. 2016 Mar;37(3):233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2016.01.005. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
The immune system of an individual human is determined by heritable traits and a continuous process of adaptation to a broad variety of extrinsic, non-heritable factors such as viruses, bacteria, dietary components and more. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) successfully infects the majority of the human population and establishes latency, thereby exerting a life-long influence on the immune system of its host. CMV has been shown to influence the majority of immune parameters in healthy individuals. Here we focus on adaptive changes induced by CMV in subsets of Natural Killer (NK) cells, changes that question our very definition of adaptive and innate immunity by suggesting that adaptations of immune cells to environmental influences occur across the entire human immune system and not restricted to the classical adaptive branch of the immune system.
个体的免疫系统由遗传特征和对广泛的外在非遗传因素（如病毒、细菌、饮食成分等）的持续适应过程决定。巨细胞病毒（CMV）成功感染了大多数人群，并建立潜伏感染，从而对其宿主的免疫系统产生终身影响。CMV 已被证明会影响健康个体的大多数免疫参数。在这里，我们关注 CMV 在自然杀伤（NK）细胞亚群中诱导的适应性变化，这些变化通过暗示免疫细胞对环境影响的适应发生在整个人类免疫系统中，而不仅仅局限于免疫系统的经典适应性分支，从而对我们对适应性和先天免疫的定义提出了质疑。
