Du Shichuan, Martinez Aleix M
LENA Research Foundation, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015 Dec;17(4):443-55. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.4/sdu.
Emotions are sometimes revealed through facial expressions. When these natural facial articulations involve the contraction of the same muscle groups in people of distinct cultural upbringings, this is taken as evidence of a biological origin of these emotions. While past research had identified facial expressions associated with a single internally felt category (eg, the facial expression of happiness when we feel joyful), we have recently studied facial expressions observed when people experience compound emotions (eg, the facial expression of happy surprise when we feel joyful in a surprised way, as, for example, at a surprise birthday party). Our research has identified 17 compound expressions consistently produced across cultures, suggesting that the number of facial expressions of emotion of biological origin is much larger than previously believed. The present paper provides an overview of these findings and shows evidence supporting the view that spontaneous expressions are produced using the same facial articulations previously identified in laboratory experiments. We also discuss the implications of our results in the study of psychopathologies, and consider several open research questions.
情绪有时通过面部表情来展现。当这些自然的面部动作在不同文化背景的人群中涉及相同肌肉群的收缩时，这被视为这些情绪具有生物学起源的证据。虽然过去的研究已经确定了与单一内在感受类别相关的面部表情（例如，当我们感到快乐时的快乐面部表情），但我们最近研究了人们体验复合情绪时观察到的面部表情（例如，当我们以惊讶的方式感到快乐时，如在惊喜生日派对上，快乐的惊讶面部表情）。我们的研究已经确定了17种在不同文化中一致产生的复合表情，这表明具有生物学起源的情绪面部表情的数量比以前认为的要多得多。本文概述了这些发现，并展示了支持以下观点的证据：自发表情是使用先前在实验室实验中确定的相同面部动作产生的。我们还讨论了我们的结果在精神病理学研究中的意义，并考虑了几个未解决的研究问题。
