Anderson W W
Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Genome. 1989;31(1):239-45. doi: 10.1139/g89-041.
The inverted gene arrangements of Drosophila pseudoobscura were used by Th. Dobzhansky in pioneering analyses of natural selection. Recent experiments have shed light on the mechanisms of selection contributing to the balanced polymorphism for the gene arrangements. In experimental populations, both major components of fitness, viability and fertility, are frequency dependent, and rare genotypes often have a selective advantage. Viabilities are also density dependent. The frequency dependence and density dependence of the fitness components are not universal. Some karyotypes are strongly influenced by frequency or density, some are slightly influenced, and some do not appear to be influenced at all. The role of heterozygote advantage in the selection on the gene arrangements is not clear. It is probably one important element in the overall selection, but viability and fertility do not always show a heterozygote advantage. Viability and fertility components of selection seem to be about equally important in changing inversion frequencies. Male mating success is an important component of selection in natural populations, and in one population rare male karyotypes have been found to have a pronounced mating advantage.
托马斯·多布赞斯基利用拟暗果蝇的倒位基因排列对自然选择进行了开创性分析。最近的实验揭示了有助于基因排列平衡多态性的选择机制。在实验种群中，适合度的两个主要组成部分，即生存力和繁殖力，都依赖于频率，稀有基因型往往具有选择优势。生存力也依赖于密度。适合度组成部分的频率依赖性和密度依赖性并非普遍存在。一些核型受频率或密度的强烈影响，一些受轻微影响，而一些似乎根本不受影响。杂合子优势在基因排列选择中的作用尚不清楚。它可能是整体选择中的一个重要因素，但生存力和繁殖力并不总是表现出杂合子优势。在改变倒位频率方面，选择的生存力和繁殖力组成部分似乎同样重要。雄性交配成功率是自然种群选择的一个重要组成部分，在一个种群中，已发现稀有的雄性核型具有明显的交配优势。
