College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
College of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, 100012, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 May 1;551-552:143-54. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.152. Epub 2016 Feb 12.
This paper presents a system for determining the evaluation and gradation indices of groundwater pollution intensity (GPI). Considering the characteristics of the vadose zone and pollution sources, the system decides which anti-seepage measures should be implemented at the contaminated site. The pollution sources hazards (PSH) and groundwater intrinsic vulnerability (GIV) are graded by the revised Nemerow Pollution Index and an improved DRTAS model, respectively. GPI is evaluated and graded by a double-sided multi-factor coupling model, which is constructed by the matrix method. The contaminated sites are categorized as prior, ordinary, or common sites. From the GPI results, we develop guiding principles for preventing and removing pollution sources, procedural interruption and remediation, and end treatment and monitoring. Thus, we can select appropriate prevention and control technologies (PCT). To screen the technological schemes and optimize the traditional analytical hierarchy process (AHP), we adopt the technique for order preference by the similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. Our GPI approach and PCT screening are applied to three types of pollution sites: the refuse dump of a rare earth mine development project (a potential pollution source), a chromium slag dump, and a landfill (existing pollution sources). These three sites are identified as ordinary, prior, and ordinary sites, respectively. The anti-seepage materials at the refuse dump should perform as effectively as a 1.5-m-thick clay bed. The chromium slag dump should be preferentially treated by soil flushing and in situ chemical remediation. The landfill should be treated by natural attenuation technology. The proposed PCT screening approach was compared with conventional screening methods results at the three sites and proved feasible and effective. The proposed method can provide technical support for the monitoring and management of groundwater pollution in China.
本文提出了一种地下水污染强度（GPI）评价和分级指数的确定系统。考虑到包气带和污染源的特点，该系统决定在污染场地应采取哪种防渗措施。采用修正的内梅罗污染指数和改进的 DRTAS 模型分别对污染源危害（PSH）和地下水固有脆弱性（GIV）进行分级。GPI 采用双面多因素耦合模型进行评价和分级，该模型由矩阵法构建。污染场地分为优先、普通或常见场地。根据 GPI 结果，制定了防止和去除污染源、程序中断和修复以及末端处理和监测的指导原则。因此，可以选择合适的预防和控制技术（PCT）。为了筛选技术方案和优化传统的层次分析法（AHP），我们采用逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）。我们的 GPI 方法和 PCT 筛选应用于三种污染场地：稀土矿开发项目的垃圾填埋场（潜在污染源）、铬渣堆和垃圾填埋场（现有污染源）。这三个场地分别被确定为普通、优先和普通场地。垃圾填埋场的防渗材料应与 1.5 米厚的粘土层一样有效。铬渣堆应优先采用土壤冲洗和原位化学修复。垃圾填埋场应采用自然衰减技术处理。在三个场地的对比中，所提出的 PCT 筛选方法与常规筛选方法的结果相比，证明是可行和有效的。所提出的方法可为中国地下水污染监测和管理提供技术支持。
