Estem Kristecia S, Catania Joseph, Klausner Jeffrey D
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, 42-09 28th Street, WS 21-64, Queens, NY, 11101, USA.
Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University College of Public Health and Human Sciences, 401 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016 Apr;13(2):107-15. doi: 10.1007/s11904-016-0307-y.
Oral HIV self-testing is an innovative and potentially high-impact means to increase HIV-case identification globally. As a screening test, oral HIV self-testing offers the potential for increased adoption through greater convenience and privacy, and the potential to increase the proportion of the population who test regularly. Research on how best to translate the innovation of oral self-testing to high-risk populations is underway. Currently only one oral HIV self-test kit is FDA-approved (OraQuick In-Home HIV Test) and available for retail sale. In the present report we review recent studies on the dissemination, adoption, and implementation of oral HIV testing. Prior work has focused primarily on adoption, but recent studies have begun to identify methods for improving dissemination and problems associated with self-implementation. At present a major barrier to wider adoption is the relatively high retail cost of the oral HIV test kit. Significant but minor barriers are represented by overly complex instructional materials for some population segments, and dissemination programs of unknown efficacy. Theoretical and practical suggestions for conducting research on dissemination, adoption, and implementation of oral HIV testing are discussed.
口服艾滋病毒自我检测是一种创新手段，可能对全球范围内增加艾滋病毒病例识别产生重大影响。作为一种筛查检测方法，口服艾滋病毒自我检测因具有更高的便利性和隐私性，有可能提高检测的接受度，也有可能增加定期检测人群的比例。目前正在开展研究，探讨如何将口服自我检测这一创新方法最好地应用于高危人群。目前，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）仅批准了一种口服艾滋病毒自我检测试剂盒（奥瑞捷家用艾滋病毒检测试剂盒）可供零售。在本报告中，我们回顾了近期关于口服艾滋病毒检测的传播、接受度和实施情况的研究。此前的工作主要集中在接受度方面，但近期的研究已开始确定改善传播的方法以及与自我实施相关的问题。目前，更广泛采用口服艾滋病毒检测的一个主要障碍是检测试剂盒的零售成本相对较高。对于某些人群来说，使用说明材料过于复杂以及传播项目效果不明是虽不严重但较为重要的障碍。文中讨论了开展口服艾滋病毒检测传播、接受度和实施情况研究的理论及实践建议。
