[作为嗅觉感知原理的特异性嗅觉缺失]

[Specific anosmia as a principle of olfactory perception].

作者信息

Croy I, Olgun S, Mueller L, Schmidt A, Muench M, Gisselmann G, Hatt H, Hummel T

机构信息

Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.

出版信息

HNO. 2016 May;64(5):292-5. doi: 10.1007/s00106-016-0119-9.

DOI:10.1007/s00106-016-0119-9

PMID:26879880

Abstract

Specific anosmia, the inability to perceive a specific odor, while olfactory perception is otherwise intact, is known as a rather seldom phenomenon. By testing the prevalence of specific anosmia to 20 different odors in a sample of 1600 people, we were able to estimate the general prevalence of anosmia. This revealed that specific anosmia is not rare at all. In contrast, the general likelihood for specific anosmia approaches 1. In addition, specific anosmia can be very well reversed by "smell training" during the course of 3 months. To summarize, specific anosmia seems to be a rule, not an exception, of olfactory sensation. The lack of perception of certain odors may constitute a flexible peripheral filter mechanism, which can be adapted by exposure to odors.

摘要

特异性嗅觉丧失，即无法感知特定气味，而其他嗅觉感知功能完好，这是一种相当罕见的现象。通过在1600人的样本中测试对20种不同气味的特异性嗅觉丧失患病率，我们得以估算嗅觉丧失的总体患病率。结果显示，特异性嗅觉丧失根本并不罕见。相反，出现特异性嗅觉丧失的总体可能性接近1。此外，在3个月的疗程中，通过“嗅觉训练”，特异性嗅觉丧失能够很好地得到逆转。总之，特异性嗅觉丧失似乎是嗅觉的一种常态，而非例外。对某些气味的感知缺失可能构成一种灵活的外周过滤机制，可通过接触气味来进行调节。