Regalado-Santiago Citlalli, Juárez-Aguilar Enrique, Olivares-Hernández Juan David, Tamariz Elisa
Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Luis Castelazo Ayala, s/n, 91190 Xalapa, VER, Mexico.
Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:1513285. doi: 10.1155/2016/1513285. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) participate in the maintenance, repair, and regeneration of the central nervous system. During development, the primary NSCs are distributed along the ventricular zone of the neural tube, while, in adults, NSCs are mainly restricted to the subependymal layer of the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The circumscribed areas where the NSCs are located contain the secreted proteins and extracellular matrix components that conform their niche. The interplay among the niche elements and NSCs determines the balance between stemness and differentiation, quiescence, and proliferation. The understanding of niche characteristics and how they regulate NSCs activity is critical to building in vitro models that include the relevant components of the in vivo niche and to developing neuroregenerative approaches that consider the extracellular environment of NSCs. This review aims to examine both the current knowledge on neurogenic niche and how it is being used to develop biocompatible substrates for the in vitro and in vivo mimicking of extracellular NSCs conditions.
神经干细胞（NSCs）参与中枢神经系统的维持、修复和再生。在发育过程中，原始神经干细胞沿神经管的脑室区分布，而在成体中，神经干细胞主要局限于侧脑室室下区的室管膜下层和海马齿状回的颗粒下区。神经干细胞所处的特定区域含有构成其生态位的分泌蛋白和细胞外基质成分。生态位元素与神经干细胞之间的相互作用决定了干性与分化、静止和增殖之间的平衡。了解生态位特征及其如何调节神经干细胞的活性，对于构建包含体内生态位相关成分的体外模型以及开发考虑神经干细胞细胞外环境的神经再生方法至关重要。本综述旨在探讨目前关于神经发生生态位的知识，以及如何利用这些知识开发生物相容性基质，用于体外和体内模拟神经干细胞的细胞外条件。
