a Department of Chemistry , University College London , London , UK.
b Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science , University College London , London , UK.
J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2017 Feb;35(3):564-573. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1153521. Epub 2016 Apr 25.
The zinc-dependent Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) found within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrates are linked to pathological processes such as arthritis, skin ulceration and cancer. Although a general backbone proteolytic mechanism is understood, crystallographic data continue to suggest an active site that is too narrow to encompass the respective substrate. We present a fully parameterised Molecular Dynamics (MD) study of the structural properties of an MMP-1-collagen crystallographic structure (Protein Data Bank - 4AUO), followed by an exploration of the free energy surface of a collagen polypeptide chain entering the active site, using a combined meta-dynamics and umbrella sampling (MDUS) approach. We conclude that the interactions between MMP-1 and the collagen substrate are in good agreement with a number of experimental studies. As such, our unrestrained MD simulations and our MDUS results, which indicate an energetic barrier for a local uncoiling and insertion event, can inform future investigations of the collagen-peptide non-bonded association steps with the active site prior to proteolytic mechanisms. The elucidation of such free energy barriers provides a better understanding of the role of the enzyme in the ECM and is important in the design of future MMP inhibitors.
脊椎动物细胞外基质(ECM)中发现的锌依赖性基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)与关节炎、皮肤溃疡和癌症等病理过程有关。尽管人们已经了解了一般的骨架蛋白水解机制,但晶体学数据继续表明,活性位点过于狭窄,无法包含相应的底物。我们对 MMP-1-胶原蛋白晶体结构(蛋白质数据库 - 4AUO)的结构特性进行了全面参数化的分子动力学(MD)研究,然后使用组合的元动力学和伞状采样(MDUS)方法探索了胶原蛋白多肽链进入活性位点的自由能表面。我们得出结论,MMP-1 与胶原蛋白底物之间的相互作用与许多实验研究一致。因此,我们的无约束 MD 模拟和 MDUS 结果表明,局部解旋和插入事件存在能量障碍,这可以为未来在发生蛋白水解机制之前,研究胶原蛋白肽与活性位点的非键合缔合步骤提供信息。阐明这些自由能障碍有助于更好地了解酶在 ECM 中的作用,对于设计未来的 MMP 抑制剂也很重要。
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