Cho Won Kyoung, Suh Byung-Kyu
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Korean J Pediatr. 2016 Jan;59(1):1-7. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.1.1. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity, persistent short stature, and metabolic alterations in later life. Recent studies have focused on the association between birth weight (BW) and later body composition. Some reports suggest that fetal nutrition, as reflected by BW, may have an inverse programing effect on abdominal adiposity later in life. This inverse association between BW and abdominal adiposity in adults may contribute to insulin resistance. Rapid weight gain during infancy in SGA children seemed to be associated with increased fat mass rather than lean mass. Early catch-up growth after SGA birth rather than SGA itself has been noted as a cardiovascular risk factor in later life. Children who are born SGA also have a predisposition to accumulation of fat mass, particularly intra-abdominal fat. It is not yet clear whether this predisposition is due to low BW itself, rapid postnatal catch-up growth, or a combination of both. In this report, we review the published literature on central fat accumulation and metabolic consequences of being SGA, as well as the currently popular research area of SGA, including growth aspects.
小于胎龄儿（SGA）出生时患围产期疾病、持续身材矮小及日后代谢改变的风险增加。近期研究聚焦于出生体重（BW）与日后身体成分之间的关联。一些报告表明，以BW反映的胎儿营养可能对日后腹部肥胖具有反向编程作用。成人中BW与腹部肥胖之间的这种反向关联可能导致胰岛素抵抗。SGA儿童在婴儿期体重快速增加似乎与脂肪量增加而非瘦体量增加有关。SGA出生后早期追赶生长而非SGA本身已被视为日后生活中的心血管危险因素。出生时为SGA的儿童也易发生脂肪量堆积，尤其是腹内脂肪。目前尚不清楚这种易感性是由于低BW本身、出生后快速追赶生长，还是两者共同作用所致。在本报告中，我们回顾了已发表的关于SGA的中心性脂肪堆积和代谢后果的文献，以及当前热门的SGA研究领域，包括生长方面。
