Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Rua Rio de Contas, 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, BA CEP 45.029-094, Brazil.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, S/N, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, BA CEP 40.170-115, Brazil.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;42:212-7. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.01.015. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Bisphosphonates (BPs) avidly bind to calcium crystals and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, making them useful for treatment of skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta and metastatic bone diseases. BPs therapeutically act by causing toxic effects on osteoclasts or interfering with specific intracellular pathways in those cells. BPs that possess nitrogen in their composition are called nitrogen-containing BPs (NBPs) and include alendronate, pamidronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate. Simple BPs or non-NBPs do not have nitrogen in their composition, include etiodronate and clodronate, and were the first to be tested in animals and clinically used. Because BPs may be administered to pregnant women or children during deciduous and permanent teeth development, it is expected that they might disturb tooth eruption and development. A review of current literature on pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of BPs in children, and their effects on tooth eruption and development is presented.
双膦酸盐（BPs）与钙晶体强烈结合，抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收，使其成为治疗骨质疏松症、佩吉特病、成骨不全症和转移性骨疾病等骨骼疾病的有用药物。BPs 通过对破骨细胞造成毒性作用或干扰这些细胞中特定的细胞内途径来发挥治疗作用。在其组成中含有氮的 BPs 被称为含氮 BPs（NBPs），包括阿仑膦酸盐、帕米膦酸盐、利塞膦酸盐、伊班膦酸盐和唑来膦酸盐。简单的 BPs 或非-NBPs 组成中没有氮，包括依替膦酸盐和氯膦酸盐，它们是最早在动物和临床上进行测试的。由于 BPs 在乳牙和恒牙发育期间可能会被孕妇或儿童使用，因此预计它们可能会干扰牙齿的萌出和发育。本文综述了当前关于 BPs 在儿童中的药代动力学、生物利用度、作用机制和临床应用及其对牙齿萌出和发育的影响的文献。
