Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2016 Sep;34(3):371-87. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12136. Epub 2016 Feb 20.
This study examined the contributions of several important domains of functioning to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and conduct problems. Specifically, we investigated whether cognitive inhibition, emotion regulation, emotionality, and disorganized attachment made independent and specific contributions to these externalizing behaviour problems from a multiple pathways perspective. The study included laboratory measures of cognitive inhibition and disorganized attachment in 184 typically developing children (M age = 6 years, 10 months, SD = 1.7). Parental ratings provided measures of emotion regulation, emotionality, and externalizing behaviour problems. Results revealed that cognitive inhibition, regulation of positive emotion, and positive emotionality were independently and specifically related to ADHD symptoms. Disorganized attachment and negative emotionality formed independent and specific relations to conduct problems. Our findings support the multiple pathways perspective on ADHD, with poor regulation of positive emotion and high positive emotionality making distinct contributions to ADHD symptoms. More specifically, our results support the proposal of a temperamentally based pathway to ADHD symptoms. The findings also indicate that disorganized attachment and negative emotionality constitute pathways specific to conduct problems rather than to ADHD symptoms.
本研究考察了几个重要的功能领域对注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）症状和行为问题的贡献。具体来说，我们从多途径的角度研究了认知抑制、情绪调节、情绪性和依恋紊乱是否对这些外化行为问题做出了独立和特定的贡献。该研究包括对 184 名典型发展儿童（M 年龄=6 岁 10 个月，SD=1.7）的认知抑制和依恋紊乱的实验室测量。父母评定提供了情绪调节、情绪性和外化行为问题的测量。结果表明，认知抑制、积极情绪调节和积极情绪性与 ADHD 症状有独立和特定的关系。依恋紊乱和消极情绪性与行为问题有独立和特定的关系。我们的发现支持 ADHD 的多途径观点，即对积极情绪的调节不良和积极情绪性高对 ADHD 症状有独特的贡献。更具体地说，我们的结果支持了基于气质的 ADHD 症状途径的假设。研究结果还表明，依恋紊乱和消极情绪性构成了与行为问题相关的途径，而不是与 ADHD 症状相关的途径。
