Salari Raziye, Bohlin Gunilla, Rydell Ann-Margret, Thorell Lisa B
Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2017 Jun;48(3):370-384. doi: 10.1007/s10578-016-0664-1.
This study aimed to examine relations between parent and child attachment representations and neuropsychological functions at age 8, as well as relations between these constructs and ADHD symptoms over a 10-year period. A community-based sample of 105 children (52 boys) participated. Measures of attachment representations and a range of neuropsychological functions were collected at age 8. Parents rated emotion dysregulation and ADHD symptoms at age 8 and ADHD symptoms again at age 18. Significant, although modest, relations were found between disorganized attachment and some aspects of neuropsychological functioning in childhood. When studying outcomes in late adolescence and controlling for early ADHD symptom levels, spatial working memory and disorganized attachment remained significant in relation to both ADHD symptom domains, and one measure of inhibition remained significant for hyperactivity/impulsivity. When examining independent effects, spatial working memory and disorganized attachment were related to inattention, whereas spatial working memory and dysregulation of happiness/exuberance were related to hyperactivity/impulsivity. Our findings showing that disorganized attachment is longitudinally related to ADHD symptoms over and above the influence of both neuropsychological functioning and early ADHD symptom levels highlights the importance of including measures of attachment representations when trying to understand the development of ADHD symptoms. If replicated in more "at-risk" samples, these findings could also suggest that parent-child attachment should be taken into consideration when children are referred for assessment and treatment of ADHD.
本研究旨在探讨亲子依恋表征与8岁时神经心理功能之间的关系，以及这些构念与10年期内注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状之间的关系。105名儿童（52名男孩）的社区样本参与了研究。在8岁时收集了依恋表征和一系列神经心理功能的测量数据。父母在孩子8岁时对情绪调节障碍和ADHD症状进行评分，并在孩子18岁时再次对ADHD症状进行评分。研究发现，紊乱型依恋与儿童期神经心理功能的某些方面存在显著但程度适中的关系。在研究青少年晚期的结果并控制早期ADHD症状水平时，空间工作记忆和紊乱型依恋在两个ADHD症状领域方面仍然显著相关，并且一项抑制测量指标对多动/冲动症状仍然显著。在考察独立效应时，空间工作记忆和紊乱型依恋与注意力不集中有关，而空间工作记忆和快乐/兴奋调节障碍与多动/冲动有关。我们的研究结果表明，在神经心理功能和早期ADHD症状水平的影响之外，紊乱型依恋与ADHD症状存在纵向关联，这凸显了在试图理解ADHD症状发展时纳入依恋表征测量的重要性。如果在更多“高危”样本中得到重复验证，这些发现还可能表明，在儿童被转介进行ADHD评估和治疗时，应考虑亲子依恋关系。
