Qian Deng-Juan, Zhong Hua, Li Jun, Niu Zhiqiang, Yuan Yuansheng, Pan Chen-Wei
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016 Jul;36(4):381-7. doi: 10.1111/opo.12287. Epub 2016 Feb 21.
We described the prevalence and associated factors of myopia and high myopia in school children of different ethnicities in a rural community in Yunnan province, China.
A total of 7681 (93.4%) primary and secondary school students aged 5-16 years in Mangshi participated in this study. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using an auto-refractor. Information regarding demographic factors, socioeconomic status and lifestyle-related exposures were collected using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the risk factors for myopia and high myopia.
The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 39.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.0, 40.2) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4, 0.8) in this study. Myopia prevalence increased significantly with increasing age (p for trend <0.001). Girls were more likely to have myopia compared with boys (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the presence of myopia was associated with increasing height (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03), computer use (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.32), having myopic father (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.94), having myopic mother (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.63), and increasing time on reading (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.28) after adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity.
Nowadays myopia but not high myopia is prevalent among school children in rural China. Significant ethnic differences in myopia prevalence were not observed. A significant 'cohort effect' of myopia previously observed in urban cities had occurred in rural communities in China.
我们描述了中国云南省一个农村社区中不同民族学龄儿童近视和高度近视的患病率及相关因素。
芒市共有7681名（93.4%）5至16岁的中小学生参与了本研究。使用自动验光仪进行散瞳验光。通过问卷收集有关人口统计学因素、社会经济状况和与生活方式相关的暴露信息。采用多变量逻辑回归模型来估计近视和高度近视的危险因素。
本研究中近视和高度近视的总体患病率分别为39.1%（95%置信区间[CI]：38.0，40.2）和0.6%（95%CI：0.4，0.8）。近视患病率随年龄增长显著增加（趋势p<0.001）。与男孩相比，女孩患近视的可能性更大（p<0.001）。在多变量分析中，在调整年龄、性别和民族后，近视的发生与身高增加（比值比[OR]=1.02；95%CI：1.01，1.03）、使用电脑（OR=1.17；95%CI：1.03，1.32）、父亲近视（OR=1.56；95%CI：1.24，1.94）、母亲近视（OR=1.33；95%CI：1.08，1.63）以及阅读时间增加（OR=1.18；95%CI：1.09，1.28）有关。
目前中国农村学龄儿童中近视普遍，但高度近视不普遍。未观察到近视患病率存在显著的民族差异。中国农村社区出现了此前在城市中观察到的显著的近视“队列效应”。
