Khalaf Ahmed M, Alhazimi Amro Y, Almaymuni Khalid K, Alsubaie Noura A
General Practice, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU.
Ophthalmology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Aug 13;16(8):e66815. doi: 10.7759/cureus.66815. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Myopia is the most frequent kind of refractive error and affects hundreds of millions of people. Growing evidence suggests that extended exposure to digital screens may exacerbate nearsightedness in children and young people. The purpose of this review is to compile data on the link between too much time in front of a screen and nearsightedness in young people so far. The principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guided the methods used and the format of the resulting report. Articles published between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2023, were found by searching Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies reporting an association between myopia and time spent in front of screens in children and young adults were considered eligible. The initial search yielded a total of 1,251 studies. After eliminating duplicates and reviewing the titles and abstracts, 64 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility. Ultimately, 15 of these studies were included in the final analysis. The 15 studies involved a total of 59,775 participants and were conducted in various countries, including China, Singapore, and the United States. Overall, the evidence did not support a significant association between screen time and myopia in school children and young adults. There is conflicting evidence on the link between screen time and myopia in children and adolescents. More research is needed to determine whether or not digital screen use is a risk factor for myopia. The complex association between screen time and myopia is not fully understood at this time because of the variability of the included studies. These results have significant public health implications since they may be used to guide recommendations for screen time use in children and the young population.
近视是最常见的屈光不正类型，影响着数亿人。越来越多的证据表明，长时间接触电子屏幕可能会加剧儿童和年轻人的近视。本综述的目的是汇总目前关于年轻人在屏幕前花费过多时间与近视之间联系的数据。系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明的原则指导了所使用的方法和最终报告的格式。通过检索Medline、PubMed、ScienceDirect、谷歌学术、CINAHL、Cochrane图书馆和Scopus，找到了2000年1月1日至2023年6月30日期间发表的文章。报告近视与儿童和年轻成年人在屏幕前花费时间之间存在关联的研究被视为符合条件。初步检索共产生了1251项研究。在消除重复项并审查标题和摘要后，对64篇全文文章进行了资格评估。最终，其中15项研究被纳入最终分析。这15项研究共涉及59775名参与者，在包括中国、新加坡和美国在内的多个国家进行。总体而言，证据不支持学龄儿童和年轻成年人的屏幕使用时间与近视之间存在显著关联。关于儿童和青少年屏幕使用时间与近视之间的联系存在相互矛盾的证据。需要更多的研究来确定使用电子屏幕是否是近视的一个风险因素。由于纳入研究的变异性，目前尚未完全理解屏幕使用时间与近视之间的复杂关联。这些结果具有重大的公共卫生意义，因为它们可用于指导儿童和年轻人群屏幕使用时间的建议。
