State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 201146, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 May 1;551-552:614-21. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.065. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
Animal enclosures are often constructed from wood treated with the pesticide chromated copper arsenate (CCA), which leaches arsenic (As) into adjacent soil during normal weathering. This study evaluated potential pathways of As exposure in 25 species of zoo animals living in CCA-wood enclosures. We analyzed As speciation in complete animal foods, dislodgeable As from CCA-wood, and As levels in enclosure soils, as well as As levels in biomarkers of 9 species of crocodilians (eggs), 4 species of birds (feathers), 1 primate species (hair), and 1 porcupine species (quills). Elevated soil As in samples from 17 enclosures was observed at 1.0-110mg/kg, and enclosures housing threatened and endangered species had As levels higher than USEPA's risk-based Eco-SSL for birds and mammals of 43 and 46mg/kg. Wipe samples of CCA-wood on which primates sit had dislodgeable As residues of 4.6-111μg/100cm(2), typical of unsealed CCA-wood. Inorganic As doses from animal foods were estimated at 0.22-7.8μg/kg bw/d. Some As levels in bird feathers and crocodilian eggs were higher than prior studies on wild species. However, hair from marmosets had 6.37mg/kg As, 30-fold greater than the reference value, possibly due to their inability to methylate inorganic As. Our data suggested that elevated As in soils and dislodgeable As from CCA-wood could be important sources of As exposure for zoo animals.
动物围栏通常由经过农药铬酸铜砷（CCA）处理的木材建造，在正常风化过程中，CCA 会将砷（As）浸出到相邻的土壤中。本研究评估了生活在 CCA 木材围栏中的 25 种动物园动物的砷暴露潜在途径。我们分析了完整动物饲料中的砷形态、CCA 木材上的可剥落砷以及围栏土壤中的砷水平，以及 9 种鳄鱼（卵）、4 种鸟类（羽毛）、1 种灵长类动物（毛发）和 1 种豪猪（刺）物种的生物标志物中的砷水平。在 17 个围栏的样本中观察到土壤中砷含量升高，范围为 1.0-110mg/kg，而饲养受威胁和濒危物种的围栏中的砷含量高于美国环保署针对鸟类和哺乳动物的基于风险的生态安全标准（Eco-SSL）的 43 和 46mg/kg。灵长类动物坐在 CCA 木材上的擦拭样本中，可剥落的砷残留量为 4.6-111μg/100cm(2)，这是未密封的 CCA 木材的典型特征。从动物饲料中摄入的无机砷剂量估计为 0.22-7.8μg/kg bw/d。一些鸟类羽毛和鳄鱼卵中的砷含量高于之前对野生动物的研究。然而，狨猴的毛发中的砷含量为 6.37mg/kg，是参考值的 30 倍，这可能是由于它们无法将无机砷甲基化。我们的数据表明，土壤中升高的砷和 CCA 木材上的可剥落砷可能是动物园动物砷暴露的重要来源。
