Harvey-Leeson Sarah, Karakochuk Crystal D, Hawes Meaghan, Tugirimana Pierrot L, Bahizire Esto, Akilimali Pierre Z, Michaux Kristina D, Lynd Larry D, Whitfield Kyly C, Moursi Mourad, Boy Erick, Foley Jennifer, McLean Judy, Houghton Lisa A, Gibson Rosalind S, Green Tim J
Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Nutrients. 2016 Feb 17;8(2):98. doi: 10.3390/nu8020098.
Little is known about the micronutrient status of women and children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which is critical for the design of effective nutrition interventions. We recruited 744 mother-child pairs from South Kivu (SK) and Kongo Central (KC). We determined hemoglobin (Hb), serum zinc, vitamin B12, folate, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), retinol binding protein (RBP), C-reactive protein, and α-1 acid glycoprotein concentrations. Anemia prevalence was determined using Hb adjusted for altitude alone and Hb adjusted for both altitude and ethnicity. Anemia prevalence was lower after Hb adjustment for altitude and ethnicity, compared to only altitude, among women (6% vs. 17% in SK; 10% vs. 32% in KC), children 6-23 months (26% vs. 59% in SK; 25% vs. 42% in KC), and children 24-59 months (14% vs. 35% in SK; 23% vs. 44% in KC), respectively. Iron deficiency was seemingly higher with sTfR as compared to inflammation-adjusted ferritin among women (18% vs. 4% in SK; 21% vs. 5% in KC), children 6-23 months (51% vs. 14% in SK; 74% vs. 10% in KC), and children 24-59 months (23% vs. 4% in SK; 58% vs. 1% in KC). Regardless of indicator, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) never exceeded 3% in women. In children, IDA reached almost 20% when sTfR was used but was only 10% with ferritin. Folate, B12, and vitamin A (RBP) deficiencies were all very low (<5%); RBP was 10% in children. The prevalence of anemia was unexpectedly low. Inflammation-adjusted zinc deficiency was high among women (52% in SK; 58% in KC), children 6-23 months (23% in SK; 20% in KC), and children 24-59 months (25% in SK; 27% in KC). The rate of biochemical zinc deficiency among Congolese women and children requires attention.
刚果民主共和国妇女和儿童的微量营养素状况鲜为人知，而这对于设计有效的营养干预措施至关重要。我们从南基伍省（SK）和刚果中央省（KC）招募了744对母婴。我们测定了血红蛋白（Hb）、血清锌、维生素B12、叶酸、铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）、C反应蛋白和α-1酸性糖蛋白的浓度。贫血患病率通过仅根据海拔高度调整的Hb以及根据海拔高度和种族调整的Hb来确定。在女性中（SK地区分别为6%和17%；KC地区分别为10%和32%）、6至23个月的儿童中（SK地区分别为26%和59%；KC地区分别为25%和42%）以及24至59个月的儿童中（SK地区分别为14%和35%；KC地区分别为23%和44%），与仅根据海拔高度调整相比，根据海拔高度和种族调整后的Hb测定的贫血患病率较低。与炎症校正后的铁蛋白相比，女性（SK地区分别为18%和4%；KC地区分别为21%和5%）、6至23个月的儿童（SK地区分别为51%和14%；KC地区分别为74%和10%）以及24至59个月的儿童（SK地区分别为23%和4%；KC地区分别为58%和1%）中，sTfR测定的缺铁情况似乎更高。无论采用何种指标，女性缺铁性贫血（IDA）从未超过3%。在儿童中，使用sTfR时IDA几乎达到20%，但使用铁蛋白时仅为10%。叶酸、维生素B12和维生素A（RBP）缺乏率均非常低（<5%）；儿童中RBP缺乏率为10%。贫血患病率出人意料地低。炎症校正后的锌缺乏在女性中（SK地区为52%；KC地区为58%）、6至23个月的儿童中（SK地区为23%；KC地区为20%）以及24至59个月的儿童中（SK地区为25%；KC地区为27%）较高。刚果妇女和儿童的生化锌缺乏率需要引起关注。
