马来西亚雪兰莪州社区药剂师对抗菌药物管理的认知与实践
Perceptions and Practices of Community Pharmacists towards Antimicrobial Stewardship in the State of Selangor, Malaysia.
作者信息
Khan Muhammad Umair, Hassali Mohamed Azmi Ahmad, Ahmad Akram, Elkalmi Ramadan Mohamed, Zaidi Syed Tabish Razi, Dhingra Sameer
机构信息
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Student Affairs & Networking, Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 22;11(2):e0149623. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149623. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND
Increasing antimicrobial resistance is one of the pressing concerns globally. Injudicious use of antibiotics is one of the modifiable factors responsible for antimicrobial resistance. Given the widespread use of antimicrobials in community settings, pharmacists have an important role in ensuring appropriate use of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to assess the perception and self-reported practices of community pharmacists towards antimicrobial stewardship.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists between March-April, 2015, using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. A simple random sampling approach was used to select pharmacy sites. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyse the data.
RESULTS
A total of 188 pharmacists responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 83.5%. The majority of participants (n = 182, 96.8%) believed that antimicrobial stewardship program helps healthcare professionals to improve the quality of patient care. However, more than half of pharmacists were neutral in their opinion about the incorporation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in community pharmacies (n = 102, 54.2%). Though collaboration was often done by pharmacists with other health professionals over the use of antibiotics (n = 104, 55.3%), a significant proportion of participants (n = 102, 54.2%) rarely/occasionally participate in antimicrobial awareness campaigns. Pharmacists having postgraduate qualification were more likely to held positive perceptions of, and were engaged in, antimicrobial stewardship than their non-postgraduate counterpart (p<0.05). Similarly, more experienced pharmacists (> 10 years) held positive perceptions towards antimicrobial stewardship (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The study highlighted some gaps in the perception and practices of community pharmacist towards antimicrobial stewardship. Development of customized interventions would be critical to bridging these gaps and improve their perception and practices towards antimicrobial stewardship.
背景
日益增加的抗菌药物耐药性是全球紧迫的问题之一。抗生素的不合理使用是导致抗菌药物耐药性的可改变因素之一。鉴于抗菌药物在社区环境中的广泛使用，药剂师在确保抗生素的合理使用方面发挥着重要作用。本研究的目的是评估社区药剂师对抗菌药物管理的认知和自我报告的行为。
方法
2015年3月至4月间，在马来西亚雪兰莪州对社区药剂师进行了一项横断面研究，使用了一份预先测试过的自填式问卷。采用简单随机抽样方法选择药房。使用描述性和推断性统计方法分析数据。
结果
共有188名药剂师回复了调查，回复率为83.5%。大多数参与者（n = 182，96.8%）认为抗菌药物管理计划有助于医疗保健专业人员提高患者护理质量。然而，超过一半的药剂师对在社区药房纳入抗菌药物管理计划持中立态度（n = 102，54.2%）。尽管药剂师经常与其他卫生专业人员就抗生素的使用进行合作（n = 104，55.3%），但相当一部分参与者（n = 102，54.2%）很少/偶尔参加抗菌意识宣传活动。拥有研究生学历的药剂师比没有研究生学历的药剂师更有可能对抗菌药物管理持积极看法并参与其中（p<0.05）。同样，经验更丰富的药剂师（>10年）对抗菌药物管理持积极看法（p<0.05）。
结论
该研究突出了社区药剂师在抗菌药物管理的认知和行为方面的一些差距。制定定制化干预措施对于弥合这些差距并改善他们对抗菌药物管理的认知和行为至关重要。
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