Baek Jong Min, Song Jae Yen, Lee Sung Jong, Park Eun Kyung, Jeung In Cheul, Kim Chan Joo, Lee Yong Seok
Department of General Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 22;11(2):e0149311. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149311. eCollection 2016.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether caffeine intake is associated with urinary incontinence (UI) and quality of life (QOL) in Korean postmenopausal women.
We included 4,028 postmenopausal women who had participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (KNHANES IV). From the KNHANES questionnaire data, we ascertained the UI status of participants, defined as self-reported or medically diagnosed UI, and calculated their total daily caffeine intake through questions regarding the frequency of food consumption. The EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) descriptive system was used to evaluate QOL among the study population.
The mean age of the study population was 63.19±0.25 years. Among the 4,028 women, the prevalence of medically diagnosed UI was 2.6% (n = 151), the prevalence of self-reported UI was 11.9% (n = 483), and the lifetime prevalence of UI was 15.8% (n = 639). In the study population, the presence of UI was not significantly different by age group, but daily caffeine consumption and the percentage of caffeine consumer decreased with age (P<0.001). Higher caffeine intake led to significantly higher prevalence of both medically diagnosed UI (p = 0.012) and self-reported UI (p = 0.040) in the study population. Even after adjusting for factors including age, parity, smoking status, hypertension and diabetes in logistic regression analysis, the positive association between caffeine intake and UI prevalence was observed in both medically diagnosed UI and self-reported UI (P = 0.017) among participants. In a subgroup analysis for EQ-5D (using continuous variables) in which we categorized participants into four groups according to UI presence and caffeine consumption, the EQ-5D scores were lower in the caffeine non-user group with UI than in the caffeine consumer group with or without UI.
In a sample of Korean postmenopausal women, the prevalence of UI increased with higher caffeine consumption. Additionally, QOL was lower in caffeine non-users with UI than in the caffeine consumer groups. However, additional prospective studies are required to identify clear causation between caffeine consumption, UI prevalence and QOL.
本研究的目的是调查韩国绝经后女性的咖啡因摄入量是否与尿失禁（UI）及生活质量（QOL）相关。
我们纳入了4028名参加韩国国家健康与营养检查调查IV（KNHANES IV）的绝经后女性。根据KNHANES调查问卷数据，我们确定了参与者的尿失禁状况，定义为自我报告或医学诊断的尿失禁，并通过关于食物消费频率的问题计算了她们的每日咖啡因总摄入量。采用欧洲五维健康量表（EQ-5D）描述系统评估研究人群的生活质量。
研究人群的平均年龄为63.19±0.25岁。在这4028名女性中，医学诊断的尿失禁患病率为2.6%（n = 151），自我报告的尿失禁患病率为11.9%（n = 483），尿失禁的终生患病率为15.8%（n = 639）。在研究人群中，尿失禁的存在在各年龄组之间无显著差异，但每日咖啡因消费量和咖啡因消费者的百分比随年龄下降（P<0.001）。较高的咖啡因摄入量导致研究人群中医学诊断的尿失禁（p = 0.012）和自我报告的尿失禁（p = 0.040）的患病率显著更高。即使在逻辑回归分析中对年龄、产次、吸烟状况、高血压和糖尿病等因素进行调整后，在参与者中，医学诊断的尿失禁和自我报告的尿失禁中均观察到咖啡因摄入量与尿失禁患病率之间存在正相关（P = 0.017）。在一项针对EQ-5D（使用连续变量）的亚组分析中，我们根据尿失禁的存在和咖啡因消费将参与者分为四组，尿失禁的非咖啡因使用者组的EQ-5D得分低于有或无尿失禁的咖啡因消费者组。
在韩国绝经后女性样本中，尿失禁患病率随咖啡因消费量的增加而上升。此外，尿失禁的非咖啡因使用者的生活质量低于咖啡因消费者组。然而，需要更多前瞻性研究来确定咖啡因消费、尿失禁患病率和生活质量之间的明确因果关系。
