南非矿工38年的尸检结果。

38 years of autopsy findings in South African mine workers.

作者信息

Ndlovu Ntombizodwa, Nelson Gill, Vorajee Naseema, Murray Jill

机构信息

School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Division of Pathology, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

出版信息

Am J Ind Med. 2016 Apr;59(4):307-14. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22574. Epub 2016 Feb 22.

DOI:10.1002/ajim.22574

PMID:26901656

Abstract

BACKGROUND

South African miners have a statutory right to autopsies for occupational lung disease compensation. These autopsies also provide information for research and surveillance.

METHODS

Cardio-respiratory organs are removed where miners die and are examined at the National Institute for Occupational Health. We extracted data from the PATHAUT database and described key demographic, exposure and disease trends (1975-2013).

RESULTS

Of 109,101 autopsies, 72,348 (66.3%) were black, and 34,794 (31.9%) were white miners. Autopsies declined from over 3,000 (1975-1998) to 1,118 in 2013. Most were gold miners (74.0%). 78.6% black and 13.2% white miners died while in employment. Overall proportions of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis were 12.0% and 13.0% in black, and 20.5% and 2.4% in white miners, respectively. Disease increased over time.

CONCLUSIONS

High levels of disease persist. Black ex-miners are underrepresented, indicating a need for strategies to improve awareness and provision of autopsy facilities in labor-sending areas.

摘要

背景

南非矿工享有因职业性肺病获得赔偿而进行尸检的法定权利。这些尸检也为研究和监测提供信息。

方法

在矿工死亡时取出心肺器官，并在国家职业健康研究所进行检查。我们从PATHAUT数据库中提取数据，并描述了关键的人口统计学、暴露情况和疾病趋势（1975 - 2013年）。

结果

在109,101例尸检中，72,348例（66.3%）是黑人矿工，34,794例（31.9%）是白人矿工。尸检数量从1975 - 1998年的每年3000多例下降到2013年的1118例。大多数是金矿工人（74.0%）。78.6%的黑人矿工和13.2%的白人矿工在就业期间死亡。黑人矿工中矽肺病和肺结核的总体比例分别为12.0%和13.0%，白人矿工中分别为20.5%和2.4%。疾病随着时间推移有所增加。