Akiskal H S, Cassano G B, Musetti L, Perugi G, Tundo A, Mignani V
University of Tennessee, Department of Psychiatry, Memphis.
Psychopathology. 1989;22(5):268-77. doi: 10.1159/000284607.
In reviewing recent findings on affective conditions in the interface of unipolar and bipolar disorders, we find evidence favoring a partial return to Kraepelin's broad concept of manic-depressive illness, which included many recurrent depressives and temperamental variants. This review addresses methodologic, clinical, and familial considerations in the definition and characterization of a proposed spectrum of bipolar disorders which subsumes episodic and chronic forms. Episodic bipolar disorders are subclassified into bipolar schizoaffective, and bipolar I and II, and bipolar III or pseudo-unipolar forms. Chronic bipolar disorders could be either intermittent or persistent, and are subclassified into chronic mania, protracted mixed states, and rapid-cycling forms, as well as the classical temperaments (cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and dysthymic).
在回顾近期关于单相和双相情感障碍界面处情感状况的研究发现时，我们发现有证据支持部分回归到克雷佩林对躁狂抑郁症的广义概念，该概念包括许多复发性抑郁症患者和气质变体。本综述探讨了在拟议的双相情感障碍谱系的定义和特征描述中涉及的方法学、临床和家族因素，该谱系涵盖发作性和慢性形式。发作性双相情感障碍可细分为双相分裂情感性障碍、双相 I 型和 II 型以及双相 III 型或假性单相形式。慢性双相情感障碍可以是间歇性或持续性的，细分为慢性躁狂、持续性混合状态、快速循环形式，以及经典气质类型（环性心境障碍、轻躁狂、易激惹和恶劣心境）。
