Kim Hee Seok, Kim Seung-Kyu, Kim Jong-Guk, Lee Dong Soo
Department of Environmental Planning and Environmental Planning Institute, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro (Songdo-dong), Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 May 15;553:52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.076. Epub 2016 Feb 20.
For optimization and evaluation of a steady state multimedia model, concurrent multimedia monitoring data of steady state are necessary. In the lack of emission rate information, the primary aim of the present work was to assess if five concentration ratios (CRs) (C water/Cair, C soil/Cair, C sediment/C soil, C water/C soil, and C sediment/C water) of chemical compounds are at steady state in South Korea. A total of 16,676 CRs values were calculated using 74,641 concurrent multimedia (air, water, soil and sediment) monitoring data from 96 areas for 45 semi-volatile organic compounds (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Test of steady state indicated that CR is statistically at steady state with an overall occurrence rate of 70% of the 223 tested cases while the rates of individual chemical groups were 94.5%, 88%, 82.5%, and 37.6% for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, respectively. About 83% of the steady state CRs resulted from scattering of two concentrations in each of the medium pairs without a certain temporal trend while the rest due to closely co-varying two concentrations. Analysis of the 95% confidence interval of the fugacity ratio indicated that CRs at steady state may occur in equilibrium state with higher chances than CRs at unsteady state. A total of 156 point values representing the CRs at steady state were determined that can be used for optimization and evaluation of steady state one-box multimedia models. However, potential influences of the uncertainties of the values arisen from the scattering of the concentration data should quantitatively be assessed in the model optimization and evaluation.
为了优化和评估稳态多媒体模型，稳态的并发多媒体监测数据是必要的。在缺乏排放速率信息的情况下，本研究的主要目的是评估韩国45种半挥发性有机化合物（多氯二苯并对二恶英/呋喃、多溴二苯醚、邻苯二甲酸盐和多环芳烃）的五个浓度比（CRs）（C水/C空气、C土壤/C空气、C沉积物/C土壤、C水/C土壤和C沉积物/C水）是否处于稳态。利用来自96个地区的74,641个并发多媒体（空气、水、土壤和沉积物）监测数据，计算了45种半挥发性有机化合物的16,676个CRs值。稳态测试表明，在223个测试案例中，CR在统计上处于稳态，总体发生率为70%，而多环芳烃、邻苯二甲酸盐、多溴二苯醚和多氯二苯并对二恶英/呋喃的单个化学组的发生率分别为94.5%、88%、82.5%和37.6%。约83%的稳态CRs是由于每对介质中两种浓度的散射导致的，没有特定的时间趋势，而其余的则是由于两种浓度密切共变。逸度比的95%置信区间分析表明，稳态下的CRs比非稳态下的CRs更有可能处于平衡状态。共确定了156个代表稳态CRs的点值，可用于优化和评估稳态单箱多媒体模型。然而，在模型优化和评估中，应定量评估浓度数据散射产生的值的不确定性的潜在影响。
