Kim Hee Seok, Lee Dong Soo
Department of Environmental Planning & Environmental Planning Institute, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Department of Environmental Planning & Environmental Planning Institute, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 20;670:760-769. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.286. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
To capture the pollutant distribution status among environmental media and to understand how the distribution varies with the pollutants' properties, we assessed a total of 225 fugacity ratios (FRs) of 45 semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDDs/Fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) for five medium pairs (air-water, air-soil, water-sediment, soil-water, and soil-sediment) using the nationwide multimedia monitoring data. For many of the pollutants, fugacity was greatest in air (PCDFs and 6 heavy PAHs) and in sediment (PBDEs and 9 light PAHs) while lowest in soil for most of the pollutants. PAHs and phthalates appeared to be farther away from equilibrium than PCDDs/Fs and PBDEs. The ratios of "equilibrium improbable" FRs to all the FRs in each chemical group were 2%, 0%, 33.3%, and 28.9% for PCDDs/Fs, PBDEs, phthalates, and PAHs, respectively. FR of PAHs, FR, and FR of the pollutant groups (except for PBDEs) decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with the partition coefficients, 1/K (1/K), K (K), and K (K), respectively, even in the field conditions. The findings on FRs values provide valuable clues to identifying the media that would act as sink or source for certain chemicals and to using a more appropriate choice in the coherence test of environmental quality objectives, which should be important considerations in the management of chemical contamination in the environment.
为掌握环境介质中污染物的分布状况，并了解其分布如何随污染物性质变化，我们利用全国性的多介质监测数据，评估了45种半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）（多氯二苯并 - 对 - 二恶英/呋喃（PCDDs/Fs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、邻苯二甲酸盐和多环芳烃（PAHs））在五组介质对（空气 - 水、空气 - 土壤、水 - 沉积物、土壤 - 水和土壤 - 沉积物）中的225个逸度比（FRs）。对于许多污染物而言，逸度在空气中（PCDFs和6种重质PAHs）以及沉积物中（PBDEs和9种轻质PAHs）最大，而在土壤中对于大多数污染物来说最低。PAHs和邻苯二甲酸盐似乎比PCDDs/Fs和PBDEs更远离平衡状态。PCDDs/Fs、PBDEs、邻苯二甲酸盐和PAHs各自化学组中“平衡不可能”的FRs与所有FRs的比例分别为2%、0%、33.3%和28.9%。即使在实地条件下，PAHs的FR、FR以及污染物组（除PBDEs外）的FR分别与分配系数1/K（1/K）、K（K）和K（K）显著降低（p < 0.01）。FRs值的研究结果为确定某些化学品的汇或源介质以及在环境质量目标一致性测试中做出更合适的选择提供了有价值的线索，这在环境化学污染管理中应是重要的考虑因素。
