Wise R I, Ossman E A, Littlefield D R
Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Nov-Dec;11(6):1005-19. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.6.1005.
A pandemic of staphylococcal infections occurred in the mid-twentieth century and spanned the years from about 1946 (with gradual subsidence) to about 1966. Staphylococcus aureus, originally sensitive to penicillin in 1942, demonstrated, more than other susceptible bacteria, a capacity for the development of antibiotic resistance. Hospital personnel became carriers of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci that contaminated newborn infants and hospitalized children and adults, who then became carriers and suffered an increasing incidence of suppurative disease. Asymptomatic carriers of antibiotic-resistant epidemic strains spread them into communities, with resulting infection of others. Newer antibiotics were developed, only to lose effectiveness as the staphylococci developed resistance. Local, national, and international programs emerged for the development of epidemiologic research, hospital surveillance, and education in methods of prevention and control. Carrier rates of S. aureus among hospital personnel remained approximately 33%, while the incidence of nosocomial staphylococcal infections declined. Staphylococcal pandemics may be cyclic in occurrence.
一场葡萄球菌感染大流行发生在20世纪中叶，时间跨度约从1946年（之后逐渐平息）至1966年左右。金黄色葡萄球菌在1942年时原本对青霉素敏感，但与其他易感细菌相比，它展现出了更强的产生抗生素耐药性的能力。医院工作人员成为了耐抗生素葡萄球菌的携带者，这些细菌污染了新生儿以及住院的儿童和成人，这些人随后也成为携带者，并出现化脓性疾病发病率上升的情况。耐抗生素流行菌株的无症状携带者将病菌传播到社区，导致其他人感染。新型抗生素不断研发出来，但随着葡萄球菌产生耐药性，这些抗生素很快就失效了。地方、国家和国际层面都开展了项目，以进行流行病学研究、医院监测，并开展预防和控制方法的教育。医院工作人员中金黄色葡萄球菌的携带率仍保持在约33%，而医院内葡萄球菌感染的发生率有所下降。葡萄球菌大流行可能呈周期性发生。
