过去20年（1995 - 2014年）大麻效力的变化：美国当前数据分析

Changes in Cannabis Potency Over the Last 2 Decades (1995-2014): Analysis of Current Data in the United States.

作者信息

ElSohly Mahmoud A, Mehmedic Zlatko, Foster Susan, Gon Chandrani, Chandra Suman, Church James C

机构信息

National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.

出版信息

Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Apr 1;79(7):613-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004. Epub 2016 Jan 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004

PMID:26903403

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4987131/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States and all over the world. Reports indicate that the potency of cannabis preparation has been increasing. This report examines the concentration of cannabinoids in illicit cannabis products seized by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration over the last 2 decades, with particular emphasis on Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.

METHODS

Samples in this report were received over time from materials confiscated by the Drug Enforcement Administration and processed for analysis using a validated gas chromatography with flame ionization detector method.

RESULTS

Between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2014, 38,681 samples of cannabis preparations were received and analyzed. The data showed that although the number of marijuana samples seized over the last 4 years has declined, the number of sinsemilla samples has increased. Overall, the potency of illicit cannabis plant material has consistently increased over time since 1995 from ~4% in 1995 to ~12% in 2014. The cannabidiol content has decreased on average from ~.28% in 2001 to <.15% in 2014, resulting in a change in the ratio of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol to cannabidiol from 14 times in 1995 to ~80 times in 2014.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a shift in the production of illicit cannabis plant material from regular marijuana to sinsemilla. This increase in potency poses higher risk of cannabis use, particularly among adolescents.

摘要

背景

大麻是美国乃至全球使用最广泛的非法毒品。报告显示，大麻制剂的效力一直在增强。本报告研究了美国缉毒局在过去20年查获的非法大麻产品中大麻素的浓度，特别关注Δ(9)-四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚。

方法

本报告中的样本是随着时间从缉毒局没收的材料中获取的，并使用经过验证的带有火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱法进行处理以进行分析。

结果

在1995年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间，共接收并分析了38681份大麻制剂样本。数据显示，尽管过去4年查获的大麻样本数量有所下降，但无籽大麻样本数量有所增加。总体而言，自1995年以来，非法大麻植物材料的效力一直在持续增强，从1995年的约4%增至2014年的约12%。大麻二酚含量平均从2001年的约0.28%降至2014年的<0.15%，导致Δ(9)-四氢大麻酚与大麻二酚的比例从1995年的14倍变为2014年的约80倍。