Thayyil Basel, Yusuf Kamran
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Newborn Critical care, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
J Perinatol. 2025 Aug 13. doi: 10.1038/s41372-025-02383-1.
The global prevalence of cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing, driven by perceived therapeutic benefits and greater societal acceptance. Concurrently, the psychoactive potency of cannabis products has risen significantly, due to increase in concentrations of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from 5% to 30%. THC crosses the placenta, disrupts the endocannabinoid system critical for neurodevelopment, and accumulates in fetal tissues. THC is transferred into breast milk, with breastfed infants receiving ~2.5% of the maternal dose, raising concerns regarding neurodevelopmental consequences. An increasing number of studies and metanalysis have demonstrated association of prenatal cannabis exposure with low birth weight, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and reduced Apgar scores. Longitudinal studies show brain alterations in offspring, affecting memory, attention, and executive function. The inability to conduct randomized controlled trials due to ethical constraints necessitates reliance on observational studies, underscoring the need for rigorous longitudinal research to delineate causality.
在认为大麻具有治疗益处以及社会接受度提高的推动下，全球孕期使用大麻的比例正在上升。与此同时，由于四氢大麻酚（THC）的浓度从5%增加到30%，大麻产品的精神活性效力显著提高。THC可穿过胎盘，破坏对神经发育至关重要的内源性大麻素系统，并在胎儿组织中蓄积。THC会转移到母乳中，母乳喂养的婴儿会摄入约2.5%的母亲剂量，这引发了人们对神经发育后果的担忧。越来越多的研究和荟萃分析表明，产前接触大麻与低出生体重、早产、新生儿重症监护病房入院以及阿氏评分降低有关。纵向研究显示，后代的大脑会发生改变，影响记忆、注意力和执行功能。由于伦理限制无法进行随机对照试验，因此有必要依靠观察性研究，这突出了进行严格纵向研究以确定因果关系的必要性。
