Gemeda Negero, Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash, Asrat Daniel, Debella Asfaw
Traditional & Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Health & Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Int J Food Sci. 2014;2014:874135. doi: 10.1155/2014/874135. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
This study was performed to investigate effect of essential oils on Aspergillus spore germination, growth, and mycotoxin production. In vitro antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of Cymbopogon martinii, Foeniculum vulgare, and Trachyspermum ammi essential oils were carried out on toxigenic strains of Aspergillus species. Plant materials were hydrodistilled for 4-5 h in Clevenger apparatus. 0.25 μL/mL, 0.5 μL/mL, 1 μL/mL, 2 μL/mL, and 4 μL/mL concentrations of each essential oil were prepared in 0.1% Tween 80 (V/V). T. ammi oil showed highest antifungal activity. Absolute mycelial inhibition was recorded at 1 μL/mL by essential oils of T. ammi. The oil also showed complete inhibition of spore germination at a concentration of 2 μL/mL. In addition, T. ammi oil showed significant antiaflatoxigenic potency by totally inhibiting toxin production from A. niger and A. flavus at 0.5 and 0.75 μL/mL, respectively. C. martinii, F. vulgare, and T. ammi oils as antifungals were found superior over synthetic preservative. Moreover, a concentration of 5336.297 μL/kg body weight was recorded for LC50 on mice indicating the low mammalian toxicity. In conclusion, the essential oils from T. ammi can be a potential source of safe natural food preservative for food commodities contamination by Aspergillus species.
本研究旨在探讨香精油对曲霉菌孢子萌发、生长及霉菌毒素产生的影响。对柠檬草、茴香和阿魏香精油的体外抗真菌及抗黄曲霉毒素活性进行了研究，受试对象为产毒曲霉菌株。植物材料在克莱文杰装置中进行水蒸馏4 - 5小时。每种香精油分别用0.1%吐温80（V/V）配制0.25μL/mL、0.5μL/mL、1μL/mL、2μL/mL和4μL/mL的浓度。阿魏香精油显示出最高的抗真菌活性。阿魏香精油在1μL/mL时记录到绝对菌丝抑制。该香精油在2μL/mL浓度时还显示出对孢子萌发的完全抑制。此外，阿魏香精油分别在0.5和0.75μL/mL时通过完全抑制黑曲霉和黄曲霉产生毒素而显示出显著的抗黄曲霉毒素效力。柠檬草、茴香和阿魏香精油作为抗真菌剂被发现优于合成防腐剂。此外，小鼠的半数致死浓度（LC50）记录为5336.297μL/kg体重，表明其对哺乳动物的毒性较低。总之，阿魏香精油可能是一种安全的天然食品防腐剂潜在来源，可用于防止食品被曲霉菌污染。
