Hall Wayne D, Patton George, Stockings Emily, Weier Megan, Lynskey Michael, Morley Katherine I, Degenhardt Louisa
Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Mar;3(3):265-79. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00013-4. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
During puberty, when young people are completing their education, transitioning into employment, and forming longer-term intimate relationships, a shift in emotional regulation and an increase in risky behaviour, including substance use, is seen. This Series paper considers the potential effects of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use during this period on: social, psychological, and health outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood; role transitions, and later health and social outcomes of regular substance use initiated in adolescence; and the offspring of young people who use substances. We sourced consistent support for causal relations between substance use and outcomes and evidence of biological plausibility from different but complementary research designs. Many adverse health and social outcomes have been associated with different types of substance use. The major challenge lies in deciding which are causal. Furthermore, qualitatively different harms are associated with different substances, differences in life stage when these harms occur, and the quality of evidence for different substances and health outcomes varies substantially. The preponderance of evidence comes from a few high-income countries, thus whether the same social and health outcomes would occur in other countries and cultures is unclear. Nonetheless, the number of harms that are causally related to substance use in young people warrant high-quality research design interventions to prevent or ameliorate these harms.
在青春期，年轻人在完成学业、过渡到就业以及建立长期亲密关系的过程中，会出现情绪调节的转变以及包括物质使用在内的危险行为增加的情况。本系列论文探讨了这一时期酒精、烟草和非法药物使用对以下方面的潜在影响：青少年和青年期的社会、心理和健康结果；角色转变，以及青少年时期开始的常规物质使用对后期健康和社会结果的影响；以及使用物质的年轻人的后代。我们从不同但互补的研究设计中获得了关于物质使用与结果之间因果关系的一致支持以及生物学合理性的证据。许多不良健康和社会结果都与不同类型的物质使用有关。主要挑战在于确定哪些是因果关系。此外，不同物质会带来性质不同的危害，这些危害发生的生命阶段存在差异，而且不同物质和健康结果的证据质量也有很大不同。大部分证据来自少数高收入国家，因此不清楚在其他国家和文化中是否会出现相同的社会和健康结果。尽管如此，与年轻人物质使用存在因果关系的危害数量，需要高质量的研究设计干预措施来预防或减轻这些危害。
