Curtin Sally C, Matthews T J
Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2016 Feb 10;65(1):1-14.
This report presents findings for 2014 on maternal smoking prevalence and cessation before and during pregnancy as collected on the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth, for a 46-state and District of Columbia reporting area, representing 95% of all births in the United States.
Cigarette smoking and cessation rates 3 months before and during pregnancy are presented by maternal age; race and ethnicity; marital status; educational attainment; source of payment at delivery (private insurance, Medicaid, and self-pay); receipt of benefits from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; prenatal care initiation; and jurisdiction.
About 1 in 10 women who gave birth in 2014 smoked during the 3 months before pregnancy (10.9%), and about one-quarter of these women (24.2%) did not smoke during pregnancy (i.e., quit before pregnancy). The smoking rate at any time during pregnancy was 8.4%, with 20.6% of women who smoked in the first or second trimesters quitting by the third trimester. Smoking during pregnancy was more prevalent for women aged 20–24 (13.0%) than for other ages, and by race and Hispanic origin, the highest rate was for non- Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native women (18.0%). Smoking during pregnancy ranged from 1.8% in California to 27.1% in West Virginia. The highest smoking cessation rates before and during pregnancy were for women with the highest educational attainment, private insurance, and non-Hispanic Asian and Hispanic race and ethnicity. On average, women who continued to smoke during pregnancy smoked fewer cigarettes as the pregnancy progressed, from 13 per day before pregnancy to 9 per day by the third trimester.
本报告呈现了2014年美国46个州及哥伦比亚特区（代表美国95%的出生人口）在2003年美国标准出生证明上所收集的关于孕期前及孕期中孕妇吸烟率和戒烟情况的调查结果。
按孕妇年龄、种族和族裔、婚姻状况、教育程度、分娩支付来源（私人保险、医疗补助和自费）、是否领取妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划福利、产前护理开始时间及辖区，列出孕期前3个月及孕期中的吸烟率和戒烟率。
2014年分娩的女性中，约十分之一（10.9%）在孕期前3个月吸烟，其中约四分之一（24.2%）在孕期不吸烟（即在孕期前戒烟）。孕期任何时间的吸烟率为8.4%，在孕早期或孕中期吸烟的女性中有20.6%在孕晚期戒烟。20 - 24岁女性孕期吸烟率（13.0%）高于其他年龄段，按种族和西班牙裔血统划分，非西班牙裔美国印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民女性吸烟率最高（18.0%）。孕期吸烟率在加利福尼亚州为1.8%，在西弗吉尼亚州为27.1%。孕期前及孕期中戒烟率最高的是教育程度最高、有私人保险、非西班牙裔亚裔及西班牙裔种族和族裔的女性。平均而言，孕期持续吸烟的女性随着孕期进展吸烟量减少，从孕期前每天13支减至孕晚期每天9支。
