Şahin Ülkü Alver, Polat Gülfem, Onat Burcu
Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Jun;23(11):11085-11099. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6323-z. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
In this study, the size distribution characteristics and metal contents of particulate matter (PM) have been determined. In this scope, PM sampling has been done at five stations in Istanbul. PM filter samples were collected for eight different sizes using the Anderson cascade impactor. PM filters were decomposed and analyzed for 20 metals. The highest median concentration for Fe, Ca, K, and Mg, known as soil metals, were observed as follows: Fe and Ca were observed at Goztepe station (1.20 and 8.28 μg/m(3)), K was observed at Kilyos station (0.33 μg/m(3)), and Mg was observed at Avcilar station (0.37 μg/m(3)). The highest median concentrations for Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, V, As, Se, Co, and Cd, known as anthropogenic metals, were observed at Avcilar, Goztepe, and Besiktas stations. Although the lowest metal concentrations was determined at Kilyos stations that was selected as the urban background. The enrichment factors (EFs) of most metals in the fine PM is higher than those in the coarse mode. According to the factor analyses, the most important emission source was observed to be industrial facilities at Avcilar; traffic at Besiktas; traffic and domestic heating at Goztepe; and domestic heating, sea salt aerosols, and ship traffic (in the Bosphorus Channel of Istanbul) at Rasathane.
在本研究中，已测定了颗粒物（PM）的粒径分布特征和金属含量。在此范围内，在伊斯坦布尔的五个站点进行了PM采样。使用安德森级联撞击器收集了八种不同粒径的PM过滤样本。对PM过滤器进行分解并分析了20种金属。铁、钙、钾和镁这几种被称为土壤金属的元素，其最高中位浓度如下：铁和钙在戈兹特佩站观测到（分别为1.20和8.28μg/m³），钾在基利奥斯站观测到（0.33μg/m³），镁在阿夫西拉尔站观测到（0.37μg/m³）。锌、铜、铅、镍、铬、钒、砷、硒、钴和镉这几种被称为人为金属的元素，其最高中位浓度在阿夫西拉尔、戈兹特佩和贝西克塔斯站观测到。尽管在被选为城市背景的基利奥斯站测定的金属浓度最低。细颗粒物中大多数金属的富集因子高于粗颗粒物中的富集因子。根据因子分析，观测到最重要的排放源在阿夫西拉尔是工业设施；在贝西克塔斯是交通；在戈兹特佩是交通和家庭供暖；在拉萨特内是家庭供暖、海盐气溶胶和船舶交通（在伊斯坦布尔的博斯普鲁斯海峡）。
