Garcia-Garcia Transito, Poncet Sandrine, Derouiche Abderahmane, Shi Lei, Mijakovic Ivan, Noirot-Gros Marie-Françoise
Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 16;7:184. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00184. eCollection 2016.
In all living organisms, the phosphorylation of proteins modulates various aspects of their functionalities. In eukaryotes, protein phosphorylation plays a key role in cell signaling, gene expression, and differentiation. Protein phosphorylation is also involved in the global control of DNA replication during the cell cycle, as well as in the mechanisms that cope with stress-induced replication blocks. Similar to eukaryotes, bacteria use Hanks-type kinases and phosphatases for signal transduction, and protein phosphorylation is involved in numerous cellular processes. However, it remains unclear whether protein phosphorylation in bacteria can also regulate the activity of proteins involved in DNA-mediated processes such as DNA replication or repair. Accumulating evidence supported by functional and biochemical studies suggests that phospho-regulatory mechanisms also take place during the bacterial cell cycle. Recent phosphoproteomics and interactomics studies identified numerous phosphoproteins involved in various aspect of DNA metabolism strongly supporting the existence of such level of regulation in bacteria. Similar to eukaryotes, bacterial scaffolding-like proteins emerged as platforms for kinase activation and signaling. This review reports the current knowledge on the phosphorylation of proteins involved in the maintenance of genome integrity and the regulation of cell cycle in bacteria that reveals surprising similarities to eukaryotes.
在所有生物中，蛋白质磷酸化调节其功能的各个方面。在真核生物中，蛋白质磷酸化在细胞信号传导、基因表达和分化中起关键作用。蛋白质磷酸化还参与细胞周期中DNA复制的全局控制，以及应对应激诱导的复制阻滞的机制。与真核生物类似，细菌使用汉克斯型激酶和磷酸酶进行信号转导，蛋白质磷酸化参与众多细胞过程。然而，细菌中的蛋白质磷酸化是否也能调节参与DNA介导过程（如DNA复制或修复）的蛋白质活性仍不清楚。功能和生化研究支持的越来越多的证据表明，磷酸调节机制也在细菌细胞周期中发生。最近的磷酸蛋白质组学和相互作用组学研究确定了许多参与DNA代谢各个方面的磷酸化蛋白质，有力地支持了细菌中存在这种调节水平。与真核生物类似，细菌中的支架样蛋白质成为激酶激活和信号传导的平台。本综述报告了目前关于细菌中参与基因组完整性维持和细胞周期调节的蛋白质磷酸化的知识，揭示了与真核生物惊人的相似之处。
