Cavatorta Claudia, Lualdi Manuela, Meroni Silvia, Polita Giovanni, Bolchi Mauro, Pignoli Emanuele
Medical Physics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1 20133 Milan, Italy.
J Radiol Prot. 2016 Mar;36(1):144-62. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/144. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
The evaluation of incoherent artificial optical radiation (AOR) exposure in hospital environments is a complex task due to the variety of sources available. This study has been designed to provide a proposal for the precautionary assessment of the related risk. This survey suggested that, in our Institution, at least three kinds of AOR sources required specific investigations: ambient lighting, theatre operating lighting and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sources. For each kind of evaluated sources a specific measurement approach was developed. All irradiance measurements were made using a commercial spectroradiometer. The obtained results were compared with the appropriate exposure limit values (ELVs) defined in the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines and adopted by the European Directive 2006/25/EC. The risk related to the evaluated AOR exposure was finally assessed according to our risk matrix. According to our results, the emission of ambient lighting in the actual exposure conditions was always in accordance with the ELVs and the related risk was classifiable as not relevant. The risk related to the exposure to theatre operating lighting resulted not negligible, especially when two or more sources were used with focal spots overlapping on reflective objects. UVR sources emission may represent a health hazard depending, in particular, on the set up of the device containing the source. In case of laminar flow cabinets and closed transilluminators, if the UVR source is well contained within an enclosure with interlock, it presents no risk of exposure. Otherwise, the emission arising from UVR lamps, open transilluminators or sources not provided with interlock, may represent a risk classifiable as high even in the actual working conditions. The personal protective equipment used by workers were also assessed and their suitability was discussed.
由于医院环境中存在多种人工光辐射（AOR）源，对非相干AOR暴露进行评估是一项复杂的任务。本研究旨在为相关风险的预防性评估提供建议。该调查表明，在我们机构中，至少有三种AOR源需要进行具体调查：环境照明、手术室手术照明和紫外线辐射（UVR）源。针对每种评估的源开发了一种特定的测量方法。所有辐照度测量均使用商用光谱辐射计进行。将获得的结果与国际非电离辐射防护委员会（ICNIRP）指南中定义并被欧洲指令2006/25/EC采用的适当暴露限值（ELV）进行比较。最后根据我们的风险矩阵评估与评估的AOR暴露相关的风险。根据我们的结果，实际暴露条件下环境照明的发射始终符合ELV，相关风险可归类为不相关。与手术室手术照明暴露相关的风险不可忽视，特别是当使用两个或更多光源且焦点在反射物体上重叠时。UVR源的发射可能构成健康危害，尤其取决于包含该源的设备的设置。对于层流柜和封闭式透照仪，如果UVR源妥善地包含在带互锁装置的外壳内，则不存在暴露风险。否则，UVR灯、开放式透照仪或未配备互锁装置的源产生的发射即使在实际工作条件下也可能构成可归类为高风险的风险。还对工人使用的个人防护设备进行了评估并讨论了其适用性。
