Del Vecchio Tamara, Lorber Michael F, Slep Amy M Smith, Malik Jill, Heyman Richard E, Foran Heather M
Department of Psychology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
New York University, New York City, NY, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2016 Nov;44(8):1587-1597. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0137-9.
Parents who are overwhelmed by the intensity and aversive nature of child negative affect - those who are experiencing flooding - may be less likely to react effectively and instead may focus on escaping the aversive situation, disciplining either overly permissively or punitively to escape quickly from child negative affect. However, there are no validated self-report measures of the degree to which parents experience flooding, impeding the exploration of these relations. Thus, we created and evaluated the Parent Flooding scale (PFS), assessing the extent to which parents believe their children's negative affect during parent-child conflicts is unexpected, overwhelming and distressing. We studied its factorial validity, reliability, and concurrent validity in a community sample of 453 couples with 3- to 7-year-old children (51.9 % girls) recruited via random digit dialing. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated a one-factor solution with excellent internal consistency. Test-retest stability over an average of 5.6 months was high. Concurrent validity was suggested by the associations of flooding with parents' aggression toward their children, overreactive and lax discipline, parenting satisfaction, and parents' anger, as well as with child externalizing behavior and negative affect. Incrementally concurrent validity analyses indicated that flooding was a unique predictor of mothers' and fathers' overreactive discipline and fathers' parent-child aggression and lax discipline, over and above the contributions of parents' anger and children's negative affect. The present results support the psychometric validity of the PFS.
那些被孩子强烈且具有厌恶性质的消极情绪压得喘不过气来的父母——即那些体验到情绪淹没的父母——可能不太可能做出有效的反应，反而可能专注于逃离这种令人厌恶的情境，要么过度宽松要么惩罚性地进行管教，以便迅速摆脱孩子的消极情绪。然而，目前还没有经过验证的自我报告测量方法来衡量父母体验情绪淹没的程度，这阻碍了对这些关系的探索。因此，我们编制并评估了父母情绪淹没量表（PFS），以评估父母在亲子冲突期间认为孩子的消极情绪出乎意料、难以承受且令人痛苦的程度。我们在一个通过随机数字拨号招募的、由453对有3至7岁孩子（女孩占51.9%）的夫妻组成的社区样本中研究了该量表的因子效度、信度和同时效度。验证性因素分析表明该量表为单因素结构，具有出色的内部一致性。平均5.6个月的重测稳定性较高。情绪淹没与父母对孩子的攻击行为、过度反应和宽松的管教方式、育儿满意度以及父母的愤怒相关，同时也与孩子的外化行为和消极情绪相关，这表明了该量表的同时效度。逐步同时效度分析表明，除了父母的愤怒和孩子的消极情绪的影响外，情绪淹没是母亲和父亲过度反应性管教以及父亲亲子攻击行为和宽松管教的独特预测因素。目前的结果支持了父母情绪淹没量表（PFS）的心理测量效度。
