Chen Bo, Ding Jinping, Zhang Wenjie, Zhou Guangdong, Cao Yilin, Liu Wei, Wang Bin
Beijing and Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Mar;137(3):536e-544e. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000479980.83169.31.
The rapid development of tendon tissue-engineering technology may offer an alternative graft for reconstruction of severe tendon losses. One critical factor for tendon tissue engineering is the optimization of seed cells. Little is known about the optimal cell source for engineered tendons. The aim of this study was to compare mouse muscle-derived cells, dermal fibroblasts, and tenocytes and determine the optimal cell source for tendon tissue engineering.
Mouse muscle-derived cells, dermal fibroblasts, and tenocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. At passage 1, cellular morphology, cell proliferation, and tenogenic marker expression were evaluated. After seeding on the polyglycolic acid scaffolds for 2 weeks in vitro and 12 weeks in vivo, histologic qualities, ultrastructure, and biomechanical characteristics were evaluated.
Proliferation and cellular morphology were similar for dermal fibroblasts and tenocytes, whereas muscle-derived cells proliferated faster than the other two groups. With regard to the phenotype difference between them, muscle-derived cells and tenocytes shared the gene expression of SCX, TNMD, GDF-8, and Col-I, but with MyoD gene expression only in muscle-derived cells. In contrast to dermal fibroblast and tenocyte constructed tendons, neotendon with muscle-derived cells exhibited better aligned collagen fibers, more mature collagen fibril structure, and stronger mechanical properties, whereas no significant difference in the dermal fibroblast and tenocyte groups was observed.
Although dermal fibroblasts are candidates for tendon tissue engineering because they are similar to tenocytes in proliferation and neotendon formation, muscle-derived cells appear to be the most suitable cells for further study and development of engineered tendon.
肌腱组织工程技术的快速发展可能为严重肌腱缺损的重建提供一种替代移植物。肌腱组织工程的一个关键因素是种子细胞的优化。关于工程化肌腱的最佳细胞来源知之甚少。本研究的目的是比较小鼠肌肉来源细胞、真皮成纤维细胞和肌腱细胞，并确定肌腱组织工程的最佳细胞来源。
分离并体外培养小鼠肌肉来源细胞、真皮成纤维细胞和肌腱细胞。在第1代时，评估细胞形态、细胞增殖和肌腱生成标志物表达。在聚乙醇酸支架上体外接种2周和体内接种12周后，评估组织学质量、超微结构和生物力学特性。
真皮成纤维细胞和肌腱细胞的增殖和细胞形态相似，而肌肉来源细胞的增殖速度比其他两组快。关于它们之间的表型差异，肌肉来源细胞和肌腱细胞共享SCX、TNMD、GDF-8和Col-I的基因表达，但MyoD基因仅在肌肉来源细胞中表达。与真皮成纤维细胞和肌腱细胞构建的肌腱相比，肌肉来源细胞构建的新肌腱表现出更好的胶原纤维排列、更成熟的胶原纤维结构和更强的力学性能，而真皮成纤维细胞和肌腱细胞组之间未观察到显著差异。
尽管真皮成纤维细胞在增殖和新肌腱形成方面与肌腱细胞相似，是肌腱组织工程的候选细胞，但肌肉来源细胞似乎是工程化肌腱进一步研究和开发的最合适细胞。
