Bolte A L, Meurer J, Kaleta E F
Avian Pathol. 1999 Oct;28(5):415-32. doi: 10.1080/03079459994434.
A review is given of the occurrence of poxviruses in different bird species. The first publications appeared in Europe around 1850. At that time, pox as a definite disease entity was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, while later the detection of Bollinger's inclusion bodies (1877) allowed an aetiological diagnosis by microscopically visible viral aggregates. Virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and direct electron microscopy gained importance as diagnostic tools in the 1950s. Also briefly described are avipoxvirus taxonomy, virus characteristics, clinical signs, modes of prevention and diagnostic procedures. Of the approximately 9000 bird species, about 232 species in 23 orders have been reported to have acquired a natural poxvirus infection. However, it is likely that many more birds are susceptible to avipoxviruses.
本文综述了痘病毒在不同鸟类中的发生情况。最早的相关出版物于1850年左右出现在欧洲。当时，痘作为一种明确的疾病实体是根据临床症状诊断的，而后来（1877年）发现博林格包涵体后，可通过显微镜下可见的病毒聚集体进行病因诊断。20世纪50年代，鸡胚病毒分离和直接电子显微镜检查作为诊断工具变得重要起来。文中还简要介绍了禽痘病毒分类学、病毒特征、临床症状、预防方法和诊断程序。在大约9000种鸟类中，已有报道称23个目约232种鸟类自然感染了痘病毒。然而，可能还有更多鸟类易感染禽痘病毒。
