Schwarz S, Boscheri A, Christle J, Duvinage A, Esefeld K, Fricke H, Pitsch N, Pressler A, Weichenberger M, Halle M
Präventive und Rehabilitative Sportmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TU München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, München, Deutschland.
Deutsches Zentrum für Herzkreislaufforschung (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, München, Deutschland.
Herz. 2016 Mar;41(2):159-69; quiz 170-1. doi: 10.1007/s00059-016-4403-y.
Exercise training has been firmly established as an additional therapeutic strategy in addition to pharmacological and interventional treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease. Benefits for quality of life as well as prognosis have been confirmed for cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic heart disease, after myocardial infarction, in heart failure with preserved as well as reduced ejection fraction, in atrial fibrillation and in patients after catheter-assisted aortic valve implantation (TAVI), with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or with left ventricular assist devices (VAD). Training programs have to be tailored according to the disease, stage of disease, comorbidities, age of the patient, medication as well as exercise capacity. For prescribing exercise mode and intensity, a maximum exercise test has to be performed. Ideally, this is accompanied by spirometry to assess maximum values such as maximum oxygen consumption. Training intensity will then be prescribed according to the optimal training range and maximum training intensity.
运动训练已被确认为心血管疾病患者除药物和介入治疗之外的一种额外治疗策略。心血管危险因素、缺血性心脏病、心肌梗死后、射血分数保留或降低的心力衰竭、心房颤动以及接受导管辅助主动脉瓣植入术（TAVI）、植入植入式心脏复律除颤器（ICD）或左心室辅助装置（VAD）的患者，其生活质量和预后均已得到改善。训练计划必须根据疾病、疾病阶段、合并症、患者年龄、药物治疗以及运动能力进行调整。为了确定运动方式和强度，必须进行最大运动测试。理想情况下，应同时进行肺功能测定以评估最大值，如最大耗氧量。然后将根据最佳训练范围和最大训练强度来规定训练强度。
