Madry Henning, Ochi Mitsuo, Cucchiarini Magali, Pape Dietrich, Seil Romain
Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, Bldg 37, Kirrbergerstr. 1, D-66421, Homburg, Germany.
Cartilage Net of the Greater Region, Homburg, Germany.
J Exp Orthop. 2015 Dec;2(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s40634-015-0025-1. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
Large animal models play a crucial role in sports surgery of the knee, as they are critical for the exploration of new experimental strategies and the clinical translation of novel techniques. The purpose of this contribution is to provide critical aspects of relevant animal models in this field, with a focus on paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, high tibial osteotomy, and articular cartilage repair. Although there is no single large animal model strictly replicating the human knee joint, the sheep stifle joint shares strong similarities. Studies in large animal models of paediatric ACL reconstruction identified specific risk factors associated with the different surgical techniques. The sheep model of high tibial osteotomy is a powerful new tool to advance the understanding of the effect of axial alignment on the lower extremity on specific issues of the knee joint. Large animal models of both focal chondral and osteochondral defects and of osteoarthritis have brought new findings about the mechanisms of cartilage repair and treatment options. The clinical application of a magnetic device for targeted cell delivery serves as a suitable example of how data from such animal models are directly translated into in clinical cartilage repair. As novel insights from studies in these translational models will advance the basic science, close cooperation in this important field of clinical translation will improve current reconstructive surgical options and open novel avenues for regenerative therapies of musculoskeletal disorders.
大型动物模型在膝关节运动外科中发挥着关键作用，因为它们对于探索新的实验策略以及新技术的临床转化至关重要。本文的目的是介绍该领域相关动物模型的关键方面，重点关注小儿前交叉韧带（ACL）重建、高位胫骨截骨术和关节软骨修复。尽管没有单一的大型动物模型能严格复制人类膝关节，但绵羊的膝关节与之有很多相似之处。小儿ACL重建的大型动物模型研究确定了与不同手术技术相关的特定风险因素。高位胫骨截骨术的绵羊模型是一个强大的新工具，有助于深入了解下肢轴向对线对膝关节特定问题的影响。局灶性软骨和骨软骨缺损以及骨关节炎的大型动物模型带来了关于软骨修复机制和治疗选择的新发现。一种用于靶向细胞递送的磁性装置的临床应用，是此类动物模型数据如何直接转化为临床软骨修复的一个恰当例子。由于这些转化模型研究的新见解将推动基础科学发展，在这个重要的临床转化领域密切合作将改善当前的重建手术选择，并为肌肉骨骼疾病的再生治疗开辟新途径。
